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<p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is the most important food crop and provides more than 20% of the human population’s food calories in Africa. <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> larvae feed by defoliating the leaves, and boring into the stem and the cob, causing significant yield losses among smallholder farmers. The field study was conducted to evaluate six maize varieties (Ahoufe, Obaatampa, Lake, Abro-ahoma, Honampa, and Abontam) for resistance to <i>S. frugiperda</i> damage. The study further assessed the effectiveness of botanical pesticides (<i>Jatropha curcas</i>,<i> Nicotiana tabacum</i>,<i> Lantana camara</i>, and <i>Azadirachta indica</i>) against <i>S. frugiperda</i>. The bioassay study was conducted using a Completely Ramdomised Design with 10 replications, whereas the field trial was set up using a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The study revealed variations in the number of egg masses, number of observed larvae in the field, mean developmental time (days), grain damage (g), weight of undamaged grains (g), weight of damaged grains (g), and susceptibility index among the varieties. Varieties such as Abro-ahoma, Honampa, and Abontem showed a slightly resistance to FAW infestation, while Ahoufe and Obaatampa were resistant in both seasons. <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> showed the lowest mortality rate (77.3%) after 72 hours of exposure, while <i>Jatropha curcas</i> recorded the highest mortality (92.0%) of sixth-instar <i>S. frugiperda.</i> The GC-MS analysis revealed several compounds with the highest % peaks in the botanicals. The major compounds with the highest peaks were Cyclohexanamine, N-(phenyl methylene) (18%) in <i>Lantana camara</i>, 1,2,3,6-tetra hydro-2,3’-bipyridine (13.4%) <i>in Nicotiana tobacum</i>, Scopoletin (7-Hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin) (14%) in <i>Jatropha curcas</i>, and l-[-]-4-Hydroxy-1-methylproline (11.2%) in <i>Azadirachta indica.</i> Varieties like Ahoufe and Obaatampa can be adopted by farmers in fall armyworm-prone areas, as they demonstrated resistance to infestation. Furthermore, the highest dose of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> was effective in controlling fall armyworm. The availability of resistant varieties to farmers is expected to enhance food security and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides while promoting sustainable, environmentally friendly agricultural practices.</p>

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Response of maize varieties and botanical insecticides against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) infestation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Shadrack Kwaku Debrah,
  • Ellen Kissiwaa,
  • Shadrack Asomah,
  • Jacob Paarechuga Anankware

摘要

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important food crop and provides more than 20% of the human population’s food calories in Africa. Spodoptera frugiperda larvae feed by defoliating the leaves, and boring into the stem and the cob, causing significant yield losses among smallholder farmers. The field study was conducted to evaluate six maize varieties (Ahoufe, Obaatampa, Lake, Abro-ahoma, Honampa, and Abontam) for resistance to S. frugiperda damage. The study further assessed the effectiveness of botanical pesticides (Jatropha curcas, Nicotiana tabacum, Lantana camara, and Azadirachta indica) against S. frugiperda. The bioassay study was conducted using a Completely Ramdomised Design with 10 replications, whereas the field trial was set up using a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The study revealed variations in the number of egg masses, number of observed larvae in the field, mean developmental time (days), grain damage (g), weight of undamaged grains (g), weight of damaged grains (g), and susceptibility index among the varieties. Varieties such as Abro-ahoma, Honampa, and Abontem showed a slightly resistance to FAW infestation, while Ahoufe and Obaatampa were resistant in both seasons. Nicotiana tabacum showed the lowest mortality rate (77.3%) after 72 hours of exposure, while Jatropha curcas recorded the highest mortality (92.0%) of sixth-instar S. frugiperda. The GC-MS analysis revealed several compounds with the highest % peaks in the botanicals. The major compounds with the highest peaks were Cyclohexanamine, N-(phenyl methylene) (18%) in Lantana camara, 1,2,3,6-tetra hydro-2,3’-bipyridine (13.4%) in Nicotiana tobacum, Scopoletin (7-Hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin) (14%) in Jatropha curcas, and l-[-]-4-Hydroxy-1-methylproline (11.2%) in Azadirachta indica. Varieties like Ahoufe and Obaatampa can be adopted by farmers in fall armyworm-prone areas, as they demonstrated resistance to infestation. Furthermore, the highest dose of Jatropha curcas was effective in controlling fall armyworm. The availability of resistant varieties to farmers is expected to enhance food security and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides while promoting sustainable, environmentally friendly agricultural practices.