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<p>The fall armyworm, <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a globally widespread pest with a remarkable capacity for adaptation and resistance to control measures, including insecticides and transgenic crops. This study investigates the physiological, immunological, and feeding effects of a wild cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i>) leaf extract (WCLE) on <i>S. frugiperda</i> larvae. Using cellular, humoral, and endocrine assays alongside oral toxicity tests, we assessed the physiological effects and toxicity of WCLE. Our results indicate that WCLE reduced phenoloxidase activity, hemocyte spreading, EcR reporter activation, larval viability, and leaf consumption. These findings highlight the potential of cassava-derived extracts as environmentally compatible alternatives for sustainable pest management and provide new insights into the broader role of plant secondary metabolites in insect physiology.</p>

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Wild cassava leaf extract affects immunity, endocrine signaling, and larval performance of the fall armyworm

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Ciro Pedro Guidotti Pinto,
  • Narian Romanello

摘要

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a globally widespread pest with a remarkable capacity for adaptation and resistance to control measures, including insecticides and transgenic crops. This study investigates the physiological, immunological, and feeding effects of a wild cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf extract (WCLE) on S. frugiperda larvae. Using cellular, humoral, and endocrine assays alongside oral toxicity tests, we assessed the physiological effects and toxicity of WCLE. Our results indicate that WCLE reduced phenoloxidase activity, hemocyte spreading, EcR reporter activation, larval viability, and leaf consumption. These findings highlight the potential of cassava-derived extracts as environmentally compatible alternatives for sustainable pest management and provide new insights into the broader role of plant secondary metabolites in insect physiology.