<p>Lice infestations pose significant health and economic challenges for both human and animal populations, highlighting the importance of effective and long-term management strategies. Conventional chemical pediculicides, despite their popularity, are threatened by an increase in resistance patterns, toxicity to both the host and the environment, and environmental contamination. Biological control techniques that use biological agents and natural enemies are becoming increasingly accepted as effective substitutes for chemical treatments. The present review is a critical analysis of a wide range of lice management options, which include historical practices, chemical insecticides, biological agents, and plant-based products. A special consideration is given to the new biological approach, such as entomopathogenic fungi and symbiont-focused treatments, as well as to herbal preparations, like neem oil, tea tree oil, or clove oil, which possess ovicidal and pediculicidal properties. This paper also considers integrated pest management (IPM) as combining a range of approaches to provide sustainable control. The synthesis of data offers a distinctive comparative perspective and highlights priority areas of research gaps to promote greener lice control.</p>