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<p><i>Anopheles gambiae</i>, the primary malaria vector in Africa, relies on antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) for defense. This study investigated how the physicochemical parameters of breeding site water influence these enzymes across mosquito life stages in Akure metropolis. The ten sampling locations within Akure metropolis were Oba-Adesida, Akure High School, Alagbaka, Oke-Aro, Aule, Oja-Oba, Oda, Oke-Ijebu, Shagari, and the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA). The results revealed substantial variation in antioxidant activities across both the metropolis and the mosquito life stages. The Oba-Adesida population exhibited the highest overall antioxidant activity, with Oja-Oba, Oke-Aro, and Shagari also showing elevated levels. The habitat’s electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and dissolved oxygen (DO) varied significantly across the sampling sites. Correlation analyses revealed stage-specific relationships. In larvae, habitat pH showed a significant negative correlation with CAT (<i>r</i> = -0.719) and GSH (<i>r</i> = -0.756) activities while the dissolved oxygen was significantly positively correlated with APx (<i>r</i> = 0.661) and GSH (<i>r</i> = 0.739) in pupae. However, total dissolved solid was negatively correlated with APx (<i>r</i> = -0.524), GPx (<i>r</i> = -0.548), and SOD (<i>r</i> = -0.753) in adults. In conclusion, larval habitat physicochemical parameters pre-condition the mosquito’s antioxidant system, a mechanism that may underpin spatial heterogeneity in insecticide resistance. Thus, integrating habitat assessment into insecticide resistance monitoring could help predict high-risk areas, enabling more targeted and proactive malaria vector control.</p>

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Assessing the association between physicochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities in diverse Anopheles gambiae populations from Akure, Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月20日

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  • Jane T. Fakoya,
  • Emmanuel A. Oyeniyi,
  • Olufemi S. Bamidele,
  • Iseoluwa O. Alabi,
  • Omogbolahan O. Aderounmu,
  • Olajire A. Gbaye

摘要

Anopheles gambiae, the primary malaria vector in Africa, relies on antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) for defense. This study investigated how the physicochemical parameters of breeding site water influence these enzymes across mosquito life stages in Akure metropolis. The ten sampling locations within Akure metropolis were Oba-Adesida, Akure High School, Alagbaka, Oke-Aro, Aule, Oja-Oba, Oda, Oke-Ijebu, Shagari, and the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA). The results revealed substantial variation in antioxidant activities across both the metropolis and the mosquito life stages. The Oba-Adesida population exhibited the highest overall antioxidant activity, with Oja-Oba, Oke-Aro, and Shagari also showing elevated levels. The habitat’s electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and dissolved oxygen (DO) varied significantly across the sampling sites. Correlation analyses revealed stage-specific relationships. In larvae, habitat pH showed a significant negative correlation with CAT (r = -0.719) and GSH (r = -0.756) activities while the dissolved oxygen was significantly positively correlated with APx (r = 0.661) and GSH (r = 0.739) in pupae. However, total dissolved solid was negatively correlated with APx (r = -0.524), GPx (r = -0.548), and SOD (r = -0.753) in adults. In conclusion, larval habitat physicochemical parameters pre-condition the mosquito’s antioxidant system, a mechanism that may underpin spatial heterogeneity in insecticide resistance. Thus, integrating habitat assessment into insecticide resistance monitoring could help predict high-risk areas, enabling more targeted and proactive malaria vector control.