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Background and Aim <p>Mosquito-borne diseases remain a major global public health threat. Permethrin-treated fabrics are used as a personal protective tool against mosquito bites. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the different fabric treatment methods, efficacy, and factors influencing the effectiveness of these fabrics in mosquito control. This systematic review consolidates fragmented evidence and provides a critical, technology-focused analysis to guide the development of more effective and durable personal protection tools against mosquito-borne diseases.</p> Methods <p>This study was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) Literature Retrieval System, and Google Scholar (to identify grey literature) from September 1999 to December 2022. Out of 544 initially identified records, 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Data on treatment methods (dipping, polymer coating, microencapsulation), permethrin concentration, fabric type, mosquito species, and efficacy indicators (repellency, mortality, and knockdown) were extracted.</p> Findings <p>The analysis of the studies revealed that the fabric treatment method significantly influenced durability and efficacy. Polymer coating demonstrated superior wash resistance due to stronger bonding and controlled release, maintaining efficacy even after 20 washing cycles in some studies. In contrast, the traditional dipping method, despite its simplicity, showed lower durability. While microencapsulation was initially effective, its durability against repeated washings was evaluated to be lower compared to polymer coating. Furthermore, fabric type (e.g., polyester vs. cotton) and mosquito species (e.g., higher susceptibility of <i>Aedes</i> compared to <i>Anopheles</i> in some studies) were other key factors determining effectiveness.</p> Conclusion <p>The findings indicate that permethrin-treated fabrics can be a valuable protective layer against mosquitoes. However, their efficacy and durability are highly dependent on the fabric treatment technology. Polymer coating was identified as the most durable advanced method. Optimizing this technology requires a focus on developing new controlled-release formulations and conducting further field studies under diverse climatic conditions.</p>

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Mosquito control with permethrin-treated fabrics: a systematic review of methods, efficacy, and vector responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Seyed Mohamad Razavi,
  • Mehdi Khoobdel,
  • Mohammad Moradi

摘要

Background and Aim

Mosquito-borne diseases remain a major global public health threat. Permethrin-treated fabrics are used as a personal protective tool against mosquito bites. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the different fabric treatment methods, efficacy, and factors influencing the effectiveness of these fabrics in mosquito control. This systematic review consolidates fragmented evidence and provides a critical, technology-focused analysis to guide the development of more effective and durable personal protection tools against mosquito-borne diseases.

Methods

This study was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) Literature Retrieval System, and Google Scholar (to identify grey literature) from September 1999 to December 2022. Out of 544 initially identified records, 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Data on treatment methods (dipping, polymer coating, microencapsulation), permethrin concentration, fabric type, mosquito species, and efficacy indicators (repellency, mortality, and knockdown) were extracted.

Findings

The analysis of the studies revealed that the fabric treatment method significantly influenced durability and efficacy. Polymer coating demonstrated superior wash resistance due to stronger bonding and controlled release, maintaining efficacy even after 20 washing cycles in some studies. In contrast, the traditional dipping method, despite its simplicity, showed lower durability. While microencapsulation was initially effective, its durability against repeated washings was evaluated to be lower compared to polymer coating. Furthermore, fabric type (e.g., polyester vs. cotton) and mosquito species (e.g., higher susceptibility of Aedes compared to Anopheles in some studies) were other key factors determining effectiveness.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that permethrin-treated fabrics can be a valuable protective layer against mosquitoes. However, their efficacy and durability are highly dependent on the fabric treatment technology. Polymer coating was identified as the most durable advanced method. Optimizing this technology requires a focus on developing new controlled-release formulations and conducting further field studies under diverse climatic conditions.