<p>Chickpea is an important legume crop in India, where its production is severely constrained by the gram pod borer, <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (Hübner). Although avian predators contribute to natural pest regulation, their interactions with <i>H. armigera</i> under varying weather conditions remain poorly understood. The present study evaluated the population dynamics of <i>H. armigera</i> and associated avian predators in chickpea during two consecutive seasons (2021–22 and 2022–23) at SKUAST-Jammu and examined the influence of key weather parameters. Peak larval density of <i>H. armigera</i> occurred during the 17th Standard Meteorological Week (5.15 ± 0.06 larvae m⁻²), followed by a gradual decline. Larval abundance showed a significant positive correlation with temperature (<i>r</i> = 0.527*) and a significant negative correlation with relative humidity (<i>r</i> = − 0.643**). Adult moth activity, monitored using pheromone traps, peaked during the 16th SMW (42.21 ± 0.01 adults trap⁻¹) and exhibited similar relationships with temperature and humidity. Common avian predators recorded in chickpea fields included Black Drongo (<i>Dicrurus macrocercus</i>), Pied Bush Chat (<i>Saxicola caprata</i>), Grey Bush Chat (<i>Saxicola ferreus</i>), and Indian Bush Lark (<i>Mirafra erythroptera</i>). Bird abundance was positively correlated with relative humidity and sunshine hours, but negatively correlated with temperature and rainfall. The findings demonstrate that weather variables play a key role in shaping pest–predator interactions and support the integration of weather-based forecasting and avian conservation strategies for sustainable management of <i>H. armigera</i> in chickpea agroecosystems.</p>