An updated overview of the distribution and impact of the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata on native ant communities in Southern Cameroon
摘要
The little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, is recognized as one of the most destructive invasive ant species, significantly impacting native ant communities. Herein, an ecological survey in formerly invaded sites and surrounding areas was conducted to provide an updated on its distribution over the past 15 years. In addition, weekly sampling using relevant sampling methods was conducted to evaluate its effects on native ant fauna. A total of 483 sites were surveyed around the country. The little fire ant was found at 22 newly invaded sites and persisted at 33 formerly invaded sites located in rural areas. The trade and transportation of cocoa seedlings by farmers from one plantation to another have inadvertently facilitated the local spread of this invader. Diversity and species richness were lower in invaded sites compared to not invaded ones. The little fire ant was the most dominant ant species (99.99%) in invaded sites. Eleven native ant species present in not invaded sites were absent in the presence of W. auropunctata. Only two native ants, Pheidole megacephala and Paltotyreus tarsatus, representing less than 1% of the total of all ant fauna, were found to co-occur with W. auropunctata. This study underscores the persistence of the little fire ant in the formerly invaded sites and its expansion into new areas, where it negatively affects native ant communities. Further studies are needed to develop sustainable approach such as integrated pest management strategies incorporating both resilient ant species and species-specific toxic baits to fight against the little fire ant.