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<p>Currently, of the 29 countries that grow Bt cotton, India has reported field-evolved resistance to the <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> dual toxin (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) in <i>Pectinophora gossypiella</i>, a major global pest. Understanding the fundamental reasons &amp; mechanisms of this resistance is critically important. To date, there has been only one field-based transcriptome study that reported the gut mRNA profiling of resistant pink bollworms from the southern agri-ecological zone. In this study, we present the midgut transcriptome of pink bollworm populations that are field-resistant, collected from the northern agri-ecological zone. A comparative analysis of the transcriptomes from resistant insect populations in both cotton-growing regions showed distinct patterns of gene expression, particularly for digestive proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidases, as well as α-arylphorin, aquaporins, cadherins, and the circadian clock-controlled protein. Further, the mRNA expression of chymotrypsin, cadherin and daywake-like was validated using qRT-PCR. The findings implicate variations in regional climate, soil composition, cropping systems, and management strategies which can affect pest resistance at a molecular level. This research will not only enhance our understanding of how pink bollworms resist dual Bt toxins but also emphasize the necessity for region-specific integrated pest management approaches and resistant gene markers to sustain this technology.</p>

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Regional environment variations and management practices likely influence gut gene expression in Bt-resistant pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) from the Northern and Southern regions of India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Alok Dubey,
  • Vinod K. Chauhan,
  • Narender K. Dhania,
  • R. K. Chaitanya

摘要

Currently, of the 29 countries that grow Bt cotton, India has reported field-evolved resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis dual toxin (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) in Pectinophora gossypiella, a major global pest. Understanding the fundamental reasons & mechanisms of this resistance is critically important. To date, there has been only one field-based transcriptome study that reported the gut mRNA profiling of resistant pink bollworms from the southern agri-ecological zone. In this study, we present the midgut transcriptome of pink bollworm populations that are field-resistant, collected from the northern agri-ecological zone. A comparative analysis of the transcriptomes from resistant insect populations in both cotton-growing regions showed distinct patterns of gene expression, particularly for digestive proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and aminopeptidases, as well as α-arylphorin, aquaporins, cadherins, and the circadian clock-controlled protein. Further, the mRNA expression of chymotrypsin, cadherin and daywake-like was validated using qRT-PCR. The findings implicate variations in regional climate, soil composition, cropping systems, and management strategies which can affect pest resistance at a molecular level. This research will not only enhance our understanding of how pink bollworms resist dual Bt toxins but also emphasize the necessity for region-specific integrated pest management approaches and resistant gene markers to sustain this technology.