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<p>This study investigates the insecticidal and repellent activities of two Algerian rue species: fringed rue, <i>Ruta chalepensis</i>, and mountain rue, <i>Ruta montana</i> (Sapindales: Rutaceae) against three insect pests: <i>Culex pipiens</i> (L.); <i>Plodia interpunctella</i> (Hübner); and <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst). Chemical analysis revealed distinct volatile compounds, despite both <i>R. montana</i> and <i>R. chalepensis</i> essential oil (EO) exhibiting a high abundance of 2-undecanone 81.18% and 79.04%, respectively. Phenolic profile of ethanolic extracts (EE) highlighted hesperidin as the major compound in <i>R. chalepensis</i> (176.22&#xa0;mg/g). Essential oils demonstrated superior efficacy across all tested species. For <i>Cx. pipiens</i>, <i>R. montana</i> EO exhibited the highest larvicidal activity (LC<sub>50</sub>: 27.09 ppm), followed by <i>R. chalepensis</i> EO (LC<sub>50</sub>: 31 ppm), while ethanolic extracts showed significantly higher LC<sub>50</sub> values. Similarly, for <i>P. interpunctella</i>, <i>R. montana</i> EO displayed greater potency (LC<sub>50</sub>: 82.43 µL/cm²) compared to <i>R. chalepensis</i> EO (LC<sub>50</sub>: 90.09 µL/cm²). In <i>T. castaneum</i>, <i>R. montana</i> EO was again the most effective, achieving an LC<sub>50</sub> of 23.91 µL/cm² for adults. Lethal time studies confirmed the rapid action of essential oils, with <i>R. chalepensis</i> EO showing an LT<sub>50</sub> of 2.93&#xa0;h against <i>T. castaneum</i> adults. Repellency tests demonstrated the superior activity of <i>R. montana</i> EO (RC<sub>50</sub> 15.39 µL/cm²) over <i>R. chalepensis</i> EO (RC<sub>50</sub> 27.04 µL/cm²). Furthermore, in silico molecular docking revealed that 2-undecanone and hesperidin exhibited notable binding affinities with key insect neuroreceptors (AChE and nAChR), supporting their observed bioactivities suggesting possible neuroinhibitory mechanisms of action. These results highlight the potential of both <i>Ruta</i> species, as effective botanical insecticides.</p>

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Dual control of mosquito and stored grain pests by two Algerian Ruta species: novel insights into chemical profiling and molecular docking

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Zineb Bouamrane,
  • Hakima Belattar,
  • Saber Boutellaa,
  • Mouna Menakh,
  • Nedjla Derbal,
  • Ilyas Yıldız,
  • Ramazan Erenler

摘要

This study investigates the insecticidal and repellent activities of two Algerian rue species: fringed rue, Ruta chalepensis, and mountain rue, Ruta montana (Sapindales: Rutaceae) against three insect pests: Culex pipiens (L.); Plodia interpunctella (Hübner); and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Chemical analysis revealed distinct volatile compounds, despite both R. montana and R. chalepensis essential oil (EO) exhibiting a high abundance of 2-undecanone 81.18% and 79.04%, respectively. Phenolic profile of ethanolic extracts (EE) highlighted hesperidin as the major compound in R. chalepensis (176.22 mg/g). Essential oils demonstrated superior efficacy across all tested species. For Cx. pipiens, R. montana EO exhibited the highest larvicidal activity (LC50: 27.09 ppm), followed by R. chalepensis EO (LC50: 31 ppm), while ethanolic extracts showed significantly higher LC50 values. Similarly, for P. interpunctella, R. montana EO displayed greater potency (LC50: 82.43 µL/cm²) compared to R. chalepensis EO (LC50: 90.09 µL/cm²). In T. castaneum, R. montana EO was again the most effective, achieving an LC50 of 23.91 µL/cm² for adults. Lethal time studies confirmed the rapid action of essential oils, with R. chalepensis EO showing an LT50 of 2.93 h against T. castaneum adults. Repellency tests demonstrated the superior activity of R. montana EO (RC50 15.39 µL/cm²) over R. chalepensis EO (RC50 27.04 µL/cm²). Furthermore, in silico molecular docking revealed that 2-undecanone and hesperidin exhibited notable binding affinities with key insect neuroreceptors (AChE and nAChR), supporting their observed bioactivities suggesting possible neuroinhibitory mechanisms of action. These results highlight the potential of both Ruta species, as effective botanical insecticides.