<p>A synopsis of the subfamily Formicinae of Nepal is provided, based on an extensive review of relevant literature and new material. We report 14 valid genera, 57 valid species, and two subspecies present in Nepal. Of the known formicine fauna, three species (or 5% of the total) are only known from Nepal and may be endemic, and four species have been excluded from the Nepalese list. In addition to reporting 16 species and one subspecies for the first time in Nepal, we describe a new species, <i>Paraparatrechina budhanilkantha</i> sp. nov. We report genus <i>Paraparatrechina</i> for the first time in Nepal and elevate one previously infraspecific taxon <i>L. watsonii</i> stat. nov., to species rank. We also provide worker-based identification keys and diagnoses for all Formicinae genera and species/subspecies. The species/subspecies entries provide taxonomic, synonymical, nomenclatural, and geographic information. This study marks the commencement of an extensive and methodical examination of Nepal's Formicinae fauna.</p>