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<p><i>Aedes aegypti</i> mosquitoes are involved in transmitting several diseases, such as chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses, which affect a large number of people worldwide. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the peel of the <i>Myristica fragrans</i> fruit and were tested for larvicidal efficacy against the third-instar <i>Ae. aegypti</i> larvae. The purity of synthesized <i>Mf</i>-AgNPs was characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy (revealed absorption peaks for <i>Mf</i>-AgNPs at 431&#xa0;nm), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (peaks observed at 582 and 437&#xa0;cm<sup>− 1</sup> confirmed the presence of Ag metal bonds), X-ray diffraction (with peaks detected at 111, 200, 220, and 311 confirming the binding intensity of Ag), scanning electron microscopy (revealed a spherical shape of <i>Mf</i>-AgNPs with an average particle size of 45 to 65&#xa0;nm), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (confirmed 100% purity of Ag in the sample), and photon correlation spectroscopy (with a Z-average value of 97&#xa0;nm). Larvicidal bioassays were conducted at various concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm) of <i>Mf</i>-AgNPs, and mortality was observed after 24&#xa0;h. In vitro, a bioassay of synthesized <i>Mf</i>-AgNPs exhibited high mortalities for the third instar larvae of <i>Ae. </i><i>aegypti</i>, with an LC<sub>50</sub> value of 48.10&#xa0;µg/ml and an LC<sub>90</sub> value of 84.96&#xa0;µg/ml. The influence of <i>Mf</i>-AgNPs was also investigated on the expression of <i>glutathione transferase</i> (<i>GST</i>) and <i>cytochrome P450</i> (<i>CYP450</i>), which are specific functional genes in <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, to infer molecular insights. The <i>CYP450</i> gene showed upregulation, and the <i>GST</i> gene showed no variation when compared to the control group (negative control). These results suggest that the fruit peel of <i>M. fragrans</i> has the ability to produce <i>Mf</i>-AgNPs and might potentially be used as an effective biocontrol agent for mosquito control in the future.</p>

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Characterization of a silver nanoparticle derived from the fruit peel of Myristica fragrans on mosquito control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月8日

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  • Varghese Edwin Hillary,
  • Murugeswaran Dayana Senthamarai,
  • Thomas Jose Antony,
  • Stanislaus Antony Ceasar,
  • Muthuswami Ruby Rajan,
  • Karthikeyan Jagannathan,
  • Heba Talat Ebeed,
  • Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu

摘要

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are involved in transmitting several diseases, such as chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses, which affect a large number of people worldwide. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the peel of the Myristica fragrans fruit and were tested for larvicidal efficacy against the third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae. The purity of synthesized Mf-AgNPs was characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy (revealed absorption peaks for Mf-AgNPs at 431 nm), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (peaks observed at 582 and 437 cm− 1 confirmed the presence of Ag metal bonds), X-ray diffraction (with peaks detected at 111, 200, 220, and 311 confirming the binding intensity of Ag), scanning electron microscopy (revealed a spherical shape of Mf-AgNPs with an average particle size of 45 to 65 nm), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (confirmed 100% purity of Ag in the sample), and photon correlation spectroscopy (with a Z-average value of 97 nm). Larvicidal bioassays were conducted at various concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm) of Mf-AgNPs, and mortality was observed after 24 h. In vitro, a bioassay of synthesized Mf-AgNPs exhibited high mortalities for the third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti, with an LC50 value of 48.10 µg/ml and an LC90 value of 84.96 µg/ml. The influence of Mf-AgNPs was also investigated on the expression of glutathione transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450), which are specific functional genes in Ae. aegypti, to infer molecular insights. The CYP450 gene showed upregulation, and the GST gene showed no variation when compared to the control group (negative control). These results suggest that the fruit peel of M. fragrans has the ability to produce Mf-AgNPs and might potentially be used as an effective biocontrol agent for mosquito control in the future.