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<p>This study evaluates the efficacy of three essential oils and their combinations against fourth-stage <i>Culex pipiens</i> larvae. In each replicate, 25 larvae were exposed to larvicides, and their status was monitored at 24, 48, and 72-h intervals. All tested compounds demonstrated varying degrees of toxicity towards the larvae, with LC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 1.28 to 1938.92 mg/L at different time intervals. <i>Z. spina-christi</i> exhibited the highest larvicidal potency with an LC<sub>50</sub> value of 903 mg/L after 24 h, followed by <i>O. basilicum</i> (LC<sub>50</sub> = 1114 mg/L), while <i>A. herba-alba</i> showed the least effect with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 6470 mg/L.<i>O. basilicum</i> emerged as the most potent larvicide after 48 and 72 h, with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 468 mg/L and 182 mg/L, respectively. <i>Z. spina-christi</i> ranked second in toxicity with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 686 and 536 mg/L at 48 and 72 h. <i>A. herba-alba</i> exhibited the lowest toxicity. The M<sub>3</sub> extract (<i>Z. spina-christi</i> + <i>O. basilicum</i>) demonstrated the highest larvicidal activity; while the M<sub>2</sub> extract exhibited the least toxicity.LT<sub>50</sub> results indicated that the combination of <i>Z. spina-christi</i> and <i>O. basilicum</i> in M<sub>3</sub> is the most effective. Some mixtures displayed antagonistic effects, with "synergistic factor; S.F." ranging from 1.05 to 1.6, signifying significant synergistic effects. While some combinations showed no effect, others displayed antagonistic effects against the larvae after 24, 48, and 72 h. The study underscores the exceptional larvicidal effects of all evaluated botanical extracts, suggesting their potential as natural larvicides for mosquito control operations.</p>

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Toxic effect of some essential oils and their mixtures on the fourth stage larvae of Culex pipiens mosquitoes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Abdelouaheb Alouani,
  • Kamel Souda,
  • Hayette Sid

摘要

This study evaluates the efficacy of three essential oils and their combinations against fourth-stage Culex pipiens larvae. In each replicate, 25 larvae were exposed to larvicides, and their status was monitored at 24, 48, and 72-h intervals. All tested compounds demonstrated varying degrees of toxicity towards the larvae, with LC50 values ranging from 1.28 to 1938.92 mg/L at different time intervals. Z. spina-christi exhibited the highest larvicidal potency with an LC50 value of 903 mg/L after 24 h, followed by O. basilicum (LC50 = 1114 mg/L), while A. herba-alba showed the least effect with LC50 values of 6470 mg/L.O. basilicum emerged as the most potent larvicide after 48 and 72 h, with LC50 values of 468 mg/L and 182 mg/L, respectively. Z. spina-christi ranked second in toxicity with LC50 values of 686 and 536 mg/L at 48 and 72 h. A. herba-alba exhibited the lowest toxicity. The M3 extract (Z. spina-christi + O. basilicum) demonstrated the highest larvicidal activity; while the M2 extract exhibited the least toxicity.LT50 results indicated that the combination of Z. spina-christi and O. basilicum in M3 is the most effective. Some mixtures displayed antagonistic effects, with "synergistic factor; S.F." ranging from 1.05 to 1.6, signifying significant synergistic effects. While some combinations showed no effect, others displayed antagonistic effects against the larvae after 24, 48, and 72 h. The study underscores the exceptional larvicidal effects of all evaluated botanical extracts, suggesting their potential as natural larvicides for mosquito control operations.