<p>This study investigated termite-tree-soil interactions in cocoa agroforestry systems across three ecological zones in Ghana—Moist Semi-Deciduous, Transitional, and Wet Evergreen zones. The objectives were to analyze factors influencing the perceived ecological importance of termites, document farmers’ perceptions of termite-soil-tree interactions, explore farmer-based termite control strategies, and assess their perceived effectiveness and constraints. Using a multi-stage sampling approach, 400 farmers were selected for questionnaire-led interviews and field visits. The collected data were analyzed via Linear Mixed-Effects Models and linear regression. Farmers demonstrated mixed perceptions of termite-soil interactions, with ecological importance varying by zone. While 39.1% of farmers perceived termite-soil interactions as beneficial, citing nutrient cycling and improved soil aeration, 35.6% viewed termites negatively due to soil compaction and nutrient depletion. Perceptions of termite-tree interactions were largely negative (50.5%), with deformation of cocoa trees and yield reduction being common concerns. The perceived ecological importance of termites was strongly related to ecological apparency indices, where destructive and abundant species were the most apparent. Factors such as farmer experience and ecological zones significantly shaped perceived ecological importance value of termites. Farmers employed diverse termite control strategies, including the use of synthetic pesticides, cultural practices, and biological methods such as use of resistant trees and <i>Ocimum basilicum</i>. However, the effectiveness of these methods varied, with financial constraints, limited technical knowledge, and inadequate access to extension services emerging as critical barriers. This study highlights the need for integrated termite management approaches that align with ecological sustainability and farmer capacity.</p>