<p>This work aims to evaluate the potential of <i>Artimessia herba alba</i> essential oil (EO) as a green biological control agent against <i>Culex pipiens</i> mosquitoes. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–Ms), the oil was shown to contain 47 different compounds, including: Carvone (54.68%), D-Limonene (14.59%), and 1,8-Cineole (7.06%) respectively. When applied in doses at 15, 20, and 30 µg/l during the fourth larval stage, the oil demonstrated larvicidal effects, The lethal concentrations were calculated with their confidence limits and their values were of 27,62, 23,95 and 20,74 µg/l for LC50, while the LC90’s were 45,20, 37,67 and 29,58 µg/l after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The botanical extracts of <i>A. herba alba</i> essential oil also affected the reproductive potential, fertility, and egg-hatching of the larvae. These findings suggest that <i>A. herba alba</i> essential oil may be effective at controlling mosquito populations without posing a risk to human health and the environment.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>