<p>Family formation patterns in Canada have undergone substantial change over the past century. The diverging destinies and pattern of disadvantage theses suggest that patterns of family formation have increasingly diverged between socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged groups. However, patterns of family formation in the Canadian context remain understudied. Canada is an important national context for testing and expanding social demographic theories because of its different context of opportunity relative to the US, which may mitigate the consequences that economic disadvantage has on individuals’ family formation trajectories. Drawing on data from the 2017 Canadian General Social Survey and using multiple sequence analysis, this paper documents changes in typical family formation trajectories for women born in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. It then examines how parental education is associated with different family formation trajectories for women from each birth cohort using multinomial logistic regression models. Results show substantial shifts in family formation trajectories across cohorts, including delayed transitions and increased diversity in sequencing. However, changes in socioeconomic stratification are uneven. The influence of parental education is not uniform across pathways; it remains concentrated in specific trajectories, particularly those characterized by early marriage and childbearing or delayed family formation, while weakening or remaining modest in others. These findings provide limited support for a straightforward “diverging destinies” pattern. Instead, they suggest a more complex and context-dependent relationship between socioeconomic background and family formation.</p>

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Family Formation Trajectories in Canada: Cohort Change and the Uneven Role of Parental Education

  • Laura Wright,
  • Timothy Kang,
  • Shayla Batty

摘要

Family formation patterns in Canada have undergone substantial change over the past century. The diverging destinies and pattern of disadvantage theses suggest that patterns of family formation have increasingly diverged between socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged groups. However, patterns of family formation in the Canadian context remain understudied. Canada is an important national context for testing and expanding social demographic theories because of its different context of opportunity relative to the US, which may mitigate the consequences that economic disadvantage has on individuals’ family formation trajectories. Drawing on data from the 2017 Canadian General Social Survey and using multiple sequence analysis, this paper documents changes in typical family formation trajectories for women born in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. It then examines how parental education is associated with different family formation trajectories for women from each birth cohort using multinomial logistic regression models. Results show substantial shifts in family formation trajectories across cohorts, including delayed transitions and increased diversity in sequencing. However, changes in socioeconomic stratification are uneven. The influence of parental education is not uniform across pathways; it remains concentrated in specific trajectories, particularly those characterized by early marriage and childbearing or delayed family formation, while weakening or remaining modest in others. These findings provide limited support for a straightforward “diverging destinies” pattern. Instead, they suggest a more complex and context-dependent relationship between socioeconomic background and family formation.