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<p>Research on new antimicrobial compounds is increasingly focusing on fungi found in tropical soils, which help break down organic matter and recycle nutrients. However, invasive plants like <i>Chromolaena odorata</i> can disrupt these helpful soil fungi communities. This study aims to isolate and identify fungal species and antimicrobial potentials in soils from <i>Chromolaena</i> dominated fallow plots and soil fallow plots void of <i>Chromolaena odorata</i> at two depths (0–5&#xa0;cm and 5–15&#xa0;cm) in the Ndoulou Littoral Region of Cameroon. Six representative fungal isolates were obtained, and PCR amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region yielded clear ~ 500–550&#xa0;bp bands in all cases, confirming high-quality templates ready for Sanger sequencing. BLAST analysis against NCBI GenBank identified the isolates as: <i>Arcopilus cupreus</i> (100% identity, Accession MF599416.1), <i>Pseudopestalotiopsis theae</i> (99.64%, Accession MH472583.1), <i>Coniochaeta</i> sp (94.81%, Accession LC146726.1), <i>Aspergillus ardalensis</i> (99.83%, Accession OW985548.1), <i>Lividopora vincta</i> (98.96%, Accession MW077092.1), and <i>Lividopora benetosta</i> (99.85%, Accession OR262175.1) important for litter breakdown in tropical soils, to plant-associated or pathogenic fungi (<i>Pseudopestalotiopsis</i>) broadly distributed in tropical ecosystems, and widely adapted soil dwellers (<i>Aspergillus</i>). Crude ethyl acetate extracts from the isolates were tested for antibacterial activity against <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Salmonella typhi</i> using the broth microdilution method; no significant inhibition was observed, whereas ciprofloxacin exhibited potent efficacy (MIC = 0.0039&#xa0;µg/mL), confirming assay validity. Results confirm the presence of ecologically significant fungal taxa in <i>Chromolaena</i>-influenced and undisturbed soils, though unrefined extracts lacked antibacterial activity under current conditions. The findings highlight the identification of specific fungal taxa in Cameroonian fallow soils impacted by invasive plants, underscoring the need for further studies exploring the ecological roles and potential bioactivities of these fungal communities. This research provides a foundation for future bioactivity-guided fractionation and ecological restoration efforts in tropical soils affected by invasives.</p>

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The isolation and antimicrobial testing of fungal species from two different soil environments in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Fritz Mukow Nsanyi,
  • Joel O. Onoja,
  • Andrew E. Egbe,
  • Fidele Ntie-Kang

摘要

Research on new antimicrobial compounds is increasingly focusing on fungi found in tropical soils, which help break down organic matter and recycle nutrients. However, invasive plants like Chromolaena odorata can disrupt these helpful soil fungi communities. This study aims to isolate and identify fungal species and antimicrobial potentials in soils from Chromolaena dominated fallow plots and soil fallow plots void of Chromolaena odorata at two depths (0–5 cm and 5–15 cm) in the Ndoulou Littoral Region of Cameroon. Six representative fungal isolates were obtained, and PCR amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region yielded clear ~ 500–550 bp bands in all cases, confirming high-quality templates ready for Sanger sequencing. BLAST analysis against NCBI GenBank identified the isolates as: Arcopilus cupreus (100% identity, Accession MF599416.1), Pseudopestalotiopsis theae (99.64%, Accession MH472583.1), Coniochaeta sp (94.81%, Accession LC146726.1), Aspergillus ardalensis (99.83%, Accession OW985548.1), Lividopora vincta (98.96%, Accession MW077092.1), and Lividopora benetosta (99.85%, Accession OR262175.1) important for litter breakdown in tropical soils, to plant-associated or pathogenic fungi (Pseudopestalotiopsis) broadly distributed in tropical ecosystems, and widely adapted soil dwellers (Aspergillus). Crude ethyl acetate extracts from the isolates were tested for antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi using the broth microdilution method; no significant inhibition was observed, whereas ciprofloxacin exhibited potent efficacy (MIC = 0.0039 µg/mL), confirming assay validity. Results confirm the presence of ecologically significant fungal taxa in Chromolaena-influenced and undisturbed soils, though unrefined extracts lacked antibacterial activity under current conditions. The findings highlight the identification of specific fungal taxa in Cameroonian fallow soils impacted by invasive plants, underscoring the need for further studies exploring the ecological roles and potential bioactivities of these fungal communities. This research provides a foundation for future bioactivity-guided fractionation and ecological restoration efforts in tropical soils affected by invasives.