Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and sunlight pretreatment of cassava waste for bioethanol production using Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation
摘要
Food processing wastes are abundant and cheap sources of biomass feedstock for bioethanol production. A critical stage in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic wastes is the pretreatment process which breaks the compact structure of lignocellulosic biomass, exposing cellulose fiber and starch to enzymatic hydrolysis into fermentable sugar. The aim of this research was to pretreat cassava waste (pulp and peel) with Titanium dioxide for bioethanol production using Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation. A 20% cassava pulp or peel was pretreated with 0.5% Titanium dioxide (TiO2) under sunlight for 8 h or with 0.5% Titanium dioxide (TiO2) at 65 °C for 24 h. This was followed by either Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) or Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF). Using the conventional SHF (without TiO2), the maximum values of bioethanol produced from cassava peel and cassava pulp were 2.647% and 3.307% respectively; while 2.827% and 3.596% maximum ethanol values were obtained using the conventional SSF from untreated cassava peel and cassava pulp respectively. When the wastes were mixed with titanium dioxide and incubated at 65 °C for 24 h followed by boiling (TiO265° CB), the maximum ethanol concentration obtained with SSF increased to 4.778%. This compared with the 4.508% obtained by incubating the biomass with TiO2 under sunlight at room temperature (STB), followed by boiling and SSF. The ethanol yield under this condition was 0.2254 g-ethanol/g cassava pulp. Although there was no significant difference between the bioethanol produced using TiO265° CB and STB, both methods led to significant increase(p ≤ 0.05) in bioethanol production from cassava pulp. The present work has demonstrated that pretreatment of cassava waste (pulp and peel) with Titanium dioxide under sunlight or at 65 °C, followed by boiling prior to SSF or SHF has high potential for bioethanol production.