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<p>The growing concern over antimicrobial resistance has encouraged the investigation of plant-derived compounds as resistance modulators. This study evaluated the chemical composition and modulatory effect of <i>Piper urophyllum</i> C.DC essential oil (EOPu) on antibiotics, chlorhexidine, and a commercial mouthwash. Chemical characterization was performed using GC–MS, identifying nine compounds (97.81% of total composition), with aromadendrene (55.01%) and caryophyllene (22.59%) as major constituents. Antibacterial activity was determined by the broth microdilution method against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC25923 and SA10), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC25922 and EC06), and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> ATCC00446. EOPu alone exhibited MIC ≥ 1024&#xa0;µg/mL for all strains. However, when tested at sub-inhibitory concentration (MIC/8), EOPu significantly reduced the MIC of chlorhexidine, antibiotics, and mouthwash (37–87.5%). Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values confirmed synergistic interactions (FICI ≤ 0.5) in most combinations. These findings suggest that although EOPu lacks clinically relevant antibacterial activity alone, it acts as a resistance modulator and may contribute to future development of adjunctive formulations. Further cytotoxicity and biofilm studies are required prior to clinical application.</p>

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Modulatory effect of Piper urophyllum C.DC essential oil on antibiotics and chlorhexidine: implications for low-cost mouthrinse development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Jussara de Lima Silva,
  • Ana Paula Dantas Pereira,
  • Ana Valéria de Oliveira Braz,
  • Mariana Carvalho Rodrigues,
  • Philippe Alencar Araújo Maia,
  • Luiz Everson da Silva,
  • Wanderley do Amaral,
  • Cassio Rocha Medeiros,
  • Catarina Martins Tahim,
  • Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho,
  • Edinardo Fagner Ferreira Matias

摘要

The growing concern over antimicrobial resistance has encouraged the investigation of plant-derived compounds as resistance modulators. This study evaluated the chemical composition and modulatory effect of Piper urophyllum C.DC essential oil (EOPu) on antibiotics, chlorhexidine, and a commercial mouthwash. Chemical characterization was performed using GC–MS, identifying nine compounds (97.81% of total composition), with aromadendrene (55.01%) and caryophyllene (22.59%) as major constituents. Antibacterial activity was determined by the broth microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923 and SA10), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922 and EC06), and Streptococcus mutans ATCC00446. EOPu alone exhibited MIC ≥ 1024 µg/mL for all strains. However, when tested at sub-inhibitory concentration (MIC/8), EOPu significantly reduced the MIC of chlorhexidine, antibiotics, and mouthwash (37–87.5%). Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values confirmed synergistic interactions (FICI ≤ 0.5) in most combinations. These findings suggest that although EOPu lacks clinically relevant antibacterial activity alone, it acts as a resistance modulator and may contribute to future development of adjunctive formulations. Further cytotoxicity and biofilm studies are required prior to clinical application.