<p><i>Calendula</i> spp. has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic and antibacterial properties and is widespread in Central and Southern Europe, Western Asia and the United States. Natural propagation by seed is limited due to low germination rates, and propagation by cuttings is labor intensive and time consuming. Biotechnological approaches offer efficient strategies to increase the number of plants while increasing the production of valuable secondary metabolites. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the geographical distribution, botanical characteristics, pharmaceutical applications, in vitro propagation techniques, secondary metabolites and acclimatization strategies of <i>Calendula</i> spp. he main results show that optimized in vitro protocols, molecular markers and nanotechnology-including the environmentally friendly synthesis of nanoparticles-significantly improve plant reproduction, genetic stability and the accumulation of bioactive substances. By highlighting achievements and identifying research gaps between 2005 and 2025, this review emphasizes the importance of integrating biotechnological tools to advance the conservation, sustainable production and pharmaceutical use of<i> Calendula</i>. These findings form the basis for future studies to improve the efficiency, standardization and industrial application of this medicinal plant.</p>