<p>Greengram (<i>Vigna radiata</i>) is a vital protein-rich pulse crop widely cultivated in Asia, but its productivity is constrained by pests, diseases and environmental stresses. This study utilized 200 homozygous lines (F₉), derived from a cross between greengram variety VBN (Gg) 2 and <i>Vigna radiata</i> var. <i>sublobata</i>/2, to evaluate their potential for improved yield and resistance to environmental challenges. The Principal Component Analysis revealed that the first four components accounted for 70.10% of the total variability, with traits such as seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant and number of pods per cluster being the most influential. One of the most innovative and effective methods utilized in this study was the Multi-trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI). This approach provided a comprehensive and precise selection strategy, enabling the identification of genotypes that closely matched the ideal ideotype. Unlike traditional selection methods that often focus on individual traits, MGIDI integrates multiple agronomic characteristics, allowing for a more balanced and holistic evaluation of the lines. By selecting lines with low MGIDI values, the study pinpointed 20 superior lines that showed the most promising results. This approach led to significant gains in seed yield per plant, pods per plant and pods per cluster. The top-performing lines viz., GGISC 81, GGISC 94 and GGISC 92 were selected for further breeding. This study highlights the critical role of MGIDI as a powerful tool for multi-trait selection, enabling the development of greengram cultivars with high yield, resilience and disease resistance, offering a precise method to meet the growing demand for sustainable crops.</p>