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<p><i>Hypericum gaitii</i> Haines, belonging to the family Hypericaceae is an important threatened medicinal plant of India. This plant possess immense medicinal properties due to the presence of essential oil and various phytochemicals. Till date there is a lack of scientific reports on phytochemical analysis and pharmacological studies of both leaf essential oil and extracts of <i>H. gaitii</i>. Thus, this study presents phytochemical analysis and pharmacological activities of this important medicinal plant. The phytochemical profiling of <i>H. gaitii</i> leaf was estimated by the spectrophotometry method. This study has revealed that phenolics content (199.23&#xa0;mg GAE/ g DW) was major content, followed by tannins (141.57&#xa0;mg TAE/g DW), saponins (63.92&#xa0;mg/g DW), alkaloids (56.45&#xa0;mg/g DW), and flavonoids (46.37&#xa0;mg/g DW). The chemical composition of leaf essential oil of <i>H. gaitii</i> was evaluated by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. It was found that α-Pinene (62.1%) as&#xa0;major compound, followed by Caryophyllene (5.17%), β-Pinene (5.45%), β-myrcene (3.14%), Caryophyllene oxide (2.16%), Geranyl acetate (1.77%), and β-eudesmol (1.10%). The pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and different extracts of <i>H. gaitii</i> leaf, were evaluated. <i>H. gaitii</i> methanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity (DPPH IC<sub>50</sub> 32.43 ug/mL; ABTS IC<sub>50</sub> 47.33 ug/mL) in comparison to all tested extracts as well as essential oil. Essential oil showed more antiproliferative activity against different cell lines, i.e., PC3 (IC<sub>50</sub> 41.68 ug/mL), MCF7 (IC<sub>50</sub> 39.82 ug/mL), and MDA MB 231 (IC<sub>50</sub> 56.23 ug/mL), in comparison to other samples. Similarly, the antidiabetic activity of essential oil (IC<sub>50</sub> 67.75 ug/mL) was also higher among all samples. <i>H. gaitii</i> methanol extract showed potential antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria. This study could be helpful to exploit the pharmaceutical potential of <i>H. gaitii</i> with the discovery of new bioactive molecules.</p>

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Phytochemical composition and pharmaceutical activities of leaf essential oil and extracts of Hypericum gaitii Haines: a threatened medicinal plant of India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月26日

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  • Kumari Monalisa,
  • Soumyajit Mohapatra,
  • Rajesh K. Meher,
  • Angima Kibari Justine,
  • Dechen Dolker,
  • Prabhat Kumar Das,
  • Prasanta Kumar Senapati,
  • Shashikanta Behera

摘要

Hypericum gaitii Haines, belonging to the family Hypericaceae is an important threatened medicinal plant of India. This plant possess immense medicinal properties due to the presence of essential oil and various phytochemicals. Till date there is a lack of scientific reports on phytochemical analysis and pharmacological studies of both leaf essential oil and extracts of H. gaitii. Thus, this study presents phytochemical analysis and pharmacological activities of this important medicinal plant. The phytochemical profiling of H. gaitii leaf was estimated by the spectrophotometry method. This study has revealed that phenolics content (199.23 mg GAE/ g DW) was major content, followed by tannins (141.57 mg TAE/g DW), saponins (63.92 mg/g DW), alkaloids (56.45 mg/g DW), and flavonoids (46.37 mg/g DW). The chemical composition of leaf essential oil of H. gaitii was evaluated by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. It was found that α-Pinene (62.1%) as major compound, followed by Caryophyllene (5.17%), β-Pinene (5.45%), β-myrcene (3.14%), Caryophyllene oxide (2.16%), Geranyl acetate (1.77%), and β-eudesmol (1.10%). The pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and different extracts of H. gaitii leaf, were evaluated. H. gaitii methanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 32.43 ug/mL; ABTS IC50 47.33 ug/mL) in comparison to all tested extracts as well as essential oil. Essential oil showed more antiproliferative activity against different cell lines, i.e., PC3 (IC50 41.68 ug/mL), MCF7 (IC50 39.82 ug/mL), and MDA MB 231 (IC50 56.23 ug/mL), in comparison to other samples. Similarly, the antidiabetic activity of essential oil (IC50 67.75 ug/mL) was also higher among all samples. H. gaitii methanol extract showed potential antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria. This study could be helpful to exploit the pharmaceutical potential of H. gaitii with the discovery of new bioactive molecules.