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<p>Thin spray-on liners (TSLs) are emerging as effective alternatives for underground roadway support, overcoming limitations of traditional metal mesh and shotcrete methods. This review systematically examines TSL technologies, categorizing them into non-reactive (cement-based) and reactive (polymer-based) liners. Non-reactive TSLs utilize cement hydration coupled with polymer integration, offering economical solutions with moderate mechanical performance. Reactive TSLs, typically including polyurethane, epoxy and polyacrylate materials, provide rapid curing, superior tensile strength and flexibility capabilities but face challenges such as chemical safety, flammability, and higher costs. Recent research emphasizes enhancing TSL properties through nanomaterials, flame-retardant additives, and fiber reinforcements. Large-scale trials confirm TSL effectiveness in immediate support, environmental sealing, and dynamic load adaptation, though performance variability under complex geological conditions persists. Future directions involve advancing flame resistance, developing eco-friendly compositions, and integrating intelligent monitoring technologies to promote broader practical adoption in mining applications.</p>

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A Progress Review on the Composition, Synthesis and Applications for Thin Spray-on Liners (TSLs)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Zongke He,
  • Pengfei Jiang,
  • Ziyue Wang,
  • Yaozhong Wei

摘要

Thin spray-on liners (TSLs) are emerging as effective alternatives for underground roadway support, overcoming limitations of traditional metal mesh and shotcrete methods. This review systematically examines TSL technologies, categorizing them into non-reactive (cement-based) and reactive (polymer-based) liners. Non-reactive TSLs utilize cement hydration coupled with polymer integration, offering economical solutions with moderate mechanical performance. Reactive TSLs, typically including polyurethane, epoxy and polyacrylate materials, provide rapid curing, superior tensile strength and flexibility capabilities but face challenges such as chemical safety, flammability, and higher costs. Recent research emphasizes enhancing TSL properties through nanomaterials, flame-retardant additives, and fiber reinforcements. Large-scale trials confirm TSL effectiveness in immediate support, environmental sealing, and dynamic load adaptation, though performance variability under complex geological conditions persists. Future directions involve advancing flame resistance, developing eco-friendly compositions, and integrating intelligent monitoring technologies to promote broader practical adoption in mining applications.