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<p>The safe and efficient implementation of upward mining in closely-spaced coal seams depends on the accurate prediction of overburden stabilization timelines following the extraction of the lower seam. This difficulty arises because conventional monitoring techniques typically provide discrete data points and do not fully capture the continuous, distributed nature of strata deformation. This study applies distributed optical fiber sensing (DOFS) to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of overburden movement and establish a predictive model for stabilization. Through field monitoring at the Zhuxianzhuang Coal Mine, high-resolution strain data obtained using Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) were used to delineate the caved zone (height: 10.6 ± 2.2&#xa0;m) and the fractured zone (height: 40.0 ± 5.6&#xa0;m). In addition to static characterization, the analysis of distributed strain rates indicated a three-phase stabilization process: a rapid subsidence stage (0–60 days), a transitional compaction stage (60–86 days), and a final stable stage (after 86 days). A time-function model based on normal distribution was developed and validated against the DOFS data, providing a mathematical framework for characterizing dynamic settlement. The results show that DOFS can provide detailed, continuous data on rock mass behavior, supporting a more quantitative approach for optimizing mining sequences under similar geological conditions.</p>

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Characterizing Overburden Movement in Close-Distance Upward Mining Using Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Hao Wang,
  • Wensong Xu,
  • Yaoyuan Zhang

摘要

The safe and efficient implementation of upward mining in closely-spaced coal seams depends on the accurate prediction of overburden stabilization timelines following the extraction of the lower seam. This difficulty arises because conventional monitoring techniques typically provide discrete data points and do not fully capture the continuous, distributed nature of strata deformation. This study applies distributed optical fiber sensing (DOFS) to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of overburden movement and establish a predictive model for stabilization. Through field monitoring at the Zhuxianzhuang Coal Mine, high-resolution strain data obtained using Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) were used to delineate the caved zone (height: 10.6 ± 2.2 m) and the fractured zone (height: 40.0 ± 5.6 m). In addition to static characterization, the analysis of distributed strain rates indicated a three-phase stabilization process: a rapid subsidence stage (0–60 days), a transitional compaction stage (60–86 days), and a final stable stage (after 86 days). A time-function model based on normal distribution was developed and validated against the DOFS data, providing a mathematical framework for characterizing dynamic settlement. The results show that DOFS can provide detailed, continuous data on rock mass behavior, supporting a more quantitative approach for optimizing mining sequences under similar geological conditions.