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<p>Bastnaesite is a significant resource for rare earth (RE) extraction. This study investigates a novel integrated process for treating bastnaesite flotation concentrate (BFC), involving sequential steps of calcium removal, oxidation roasting, alkaline conversion, fluorine washing, and acid leaching. Calcium removal was prioritized to prevent excessive alkali consumption during the alkaline conversion stage. By leaching CaCO<sub>3</sub> with HCl and dissolving CaF<sub>2</sub> using AlCl<sub>3</sub>∙6H<sub>2</sub>O, CaO leaching rate of 94.0% was achieved. The optimal oxidation roasting conditions were identified as 500&#xa0;°C for 2&#xa0;h. During alkaline conversion, a molar ratio of NaOH to REO of 0.3:1 was found to be appropriate. After water washing of the alkaline conversion slag (ACS), and with a molar ratio of HCl to RE(III) of 4.5:1 during acid leaching, the leaching rates of Ln-rich and praseodymium–neodymium (PN) exceeded 96%. The obtained acid leaching residue contained more than 98% CeO₂, making it suitable for sale as a cerium-rich slag product. Compared with conventional processes, this method lowers the oxidation roasting temperature and reduces alkali consumption by more than 50%, offering a technically and economically viable route for RE extraction from BFC.</p>

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Exploratory Study on a Novel Process for Extraction of Rare Earths from Bastnaesite Flotation Concentrate (BFC)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Zhaohua Ke,
  • An Guo,
  • Xinjin Xiao,
  • Qiaofa Lan,
  • Di Wu,
  • Huijuan Wang,
  • Liusheng Ge

摘要

Bastnaesite is a significant resource for rare earth (RE) extraction. This study investigates a novel integrated process for treating bastnaesite flotation concentrate (BFC), involving sequential steps of calcium removal, oxidation roasting, alkaline conversion, fluorine washing, and acid leaching. Calcium removal was prioritized to prevent excessive alkali consumption during the alkaline conversion stage. By leaching CaCO3 with HCl and dissolving CaF2 using AlCl3∙6H2O, CaO leaching rate of 94.0% was achieved. The optimal oxidation roasting conditions were identified as 500 °C for 2 h. During alkaline conversion, a molar ratio of NaOH to REO of 0.3:1 was found to be appropriate. After water washing of the alkaline conversion slag (ACS), and with a molar ratio of HCl to RE(III) of 4.5:1 during acid leaching, the leaching rates of Ln-rich and praseodymium–neodymium (PN) exceeded 96%. The obtained acid leaching residue contained more than 98% CeO₂, making it suitable for sale as a cerium-rich slag product. Compared with conventional processes, this method lowers the oxidation roasting temperature and reduces alkali consumption by more than 50%, offering a technically and economically viable route for RE extraction from BFC.