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<p>High-stress soft rock roadways face significant challenges, including large deformations (roof subsidence, sidewall convergence, and floor heave), time-dependent rheological failure, and water-induced softening, while traditional rigid support systems often prove ineffective. This paper systematically investigates the mechanisms of surrounding rock softening, evaluation methods, and support optimization strategies for deep high-stress soft rock roadways. Firstly, the core mechanisms of rock softening under high-stress conditions were revealed, including microcrack propagation, particle reorganization, creep damage, mineral phase transformation, and brittle-ductile transition. Through physical composition analysis, rock property testing, and mechanical experiments, stress softening, water-induced softening, and joint softening were identified as the primary causes of large deformations and support failure. Secondly, a four-dimensional coupling evaluation method for “stress-water-joint-time” was proposed, which quantifies the softening mechanism by modifying the stress concentration coefficient (<i>σ</i><sub><i>max</i></sub>) and enhancing the weighting of water-induced softening, providing theoretical support for dynamic support design. Furthermore, numerical simulations were conducted to study the stress field distribution in surrounding rock of tunnel groups, demonstrating the significant control effect of arched floor and grouting reinforcement on floor deformation (reducing deformation from 47.6&#xa0;cm to 3.33&#xa0;cm) and proposing a “morphology-structure” coordinated control method. Finally, a refined support design system was established based on surrounding rock structure classification and parameter mapping, significantly improving the long-term stability and economic efficiency of roadways. Field applications have proven that the proposed method outperforms traditional approaches in terms of support effectiveness, cost reduction, and reduced maintenance cycles, offering a new perspective for stability control in deep soft rock roadways.</p>

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Study on Four-Dimensional Coupling Evaluation and Graded Dynamic Support Methods for Surrounding Rock Softening in High-Stress Soft Rock Roadways of Kilometer-Deep Mines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Quanjie Zhu,
  • Guangyu Yang,
  • Quande Wei,
  • Yi Liu,
  • Dongsheng Jiang

摘要

High-stress soft rock roadways face significant challenges, including large deformations (roof subsidence, sidewall convergence, and floor heave), time-dependent rheological failure, and water-induced softening, while traditional rigid support systems often prove ineffective. This paper systematically investigates the mechanisms of surrounding rock softening, evaluation methods, and support optimization strategies for deep high-stress soft rock roadways. Firstly, the core mechanisms of rock softening under high-stress conditions were revealed, including microcrack propagation, particle reorganization, creep damage, mineral phase transformation, and brittle-ductile transition. Through physical composition analysis, rock property testing, and mechanical experiments, stress softening, water-induced softening, and joint softening were identified as the primary causes of large deformations and support failure. Secondly, a four-dimensional coupling evaluation method for “stress-water-joint-time” was proposed, which quantifies the softening mechanism by modifying the stress concentration coefficient (σmax) and enhancing the weighting of water-induced softening, providing theoretical support for dynamic support design. Furthermore, numerical simulations were conducted to study the stress field distribution in surrounding rock of tunnel groups, demonstrating the significant control effect of arched floor and grouting reinforcement on floor deformation (reducing deformation from 47.6 cm to 3.33 cm) and proposing a “morphology-structure” coordinated control method. Finally, a refined support design system was established based on surrounding rock structure classification and parameter mapping, significantly improving the long-term stability and economic efficiency of roadways. Field applications have proven that the proposed method outperforms traditional approaches in terms of support effectiveness, cost reduction, and reduced maintenance cycles, offering a new perspective for stability control in deep soft rock roadways.