<p>The efficient separation of lepidolite ore is fundamental to subsequent lithium metal processing and utilization. Current flotation processes for lepidolite ore suffer from issues such as poor collector selectivity, excessive reliance on depressants, complex reagent systems, cumbersome operational procedures, and applicability restricted to lepidolite recovery. These constraints hinder the thorough and effective use of lepidolite ore. To address this, this study successfully applied two newly developed highly selective mixed collectors—sodium hexadecanesulfonate (SHS)/dodecylamine (DDA) and sodium oleate (NaOl)/cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC)—achieving efficient flotation of lepidolite ore. By studying the influences of grinding conditions, pre-desliming treatment and mixed collectors on lepidolite flotation, an innovative process flow based on the novel mixed collectors was established: “desliming pretreatment – direct/reverse stepwise flotation (without depressants)”. This flotation process achieved comprehensive and effective recovery of both lepidolite and feldspar from lithium- and potassium-bearing ores. The obtained lepidolite concentrate exhibits a Li₂O grade of 2.25% and a recovery of 85.94% for lepidolite; the feldspar concentrate attains a K₂O+Na₂O grade of 8.83% and a recovery of 74.70% for feldspar. This flotation technology overcomes the limitations of traditional lepidolite flotation, which relied on depressants, involved complex processes, and could only recover lepidolite alone, offering a more efficient and simplified approach for the comprehensive utilization of multi-component minerals in lepidolite ore resources.</p>