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<p>Mold flux plays a very important role in maintaining stable and efficient continuous casting operations by controlling mold heat transfer and providing lubrication between the mold and solidifying strand. During the casting of a low-carbon steel grade containing 0.1% titanium using conventional mold powder, significant deviations in mold heat transfer were observed, resulting in poor casting performance. Compositional analysis of the mold slag revealed up to 5% TiO₂ pickup, prompting a detailed investigation into its impact on mold slag behavior. To assess the influence of TiO₂ on mold flux properties, slag formulations with varying TiO₂ content were prepared using the conventional base mold powder. A comprehensive experimental approach was adopted, including heating microscopy to determine hemispherical and flow temperatures, high-temperature viscometry to measure viscosity and break temperature, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study phase evolution, and high temperature confocal laser microscopy to observe phase nucleation and growth. Experimental results indicated that increasing TiO₂ content led to higher flow temperatures, reduced viscosity, and a lower break temperature. It can be concluded from the study that, TiO₂ addition delayed the formation of cuspidine while promoting the crystallization of perovskite (CaTiO₃). Two major finding of the study are: (1) TiO₂ depolymerizes the silicate network, enhancing slag fluidity; and (2) it facilitates the formation of high-melting perovskite phases, thereby increasing the flow temperature. These findings provided insights for optimizing mold flux formulations for titanium-containing steel grades.</p>

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Influence of TiO₂ Pickup on the High Temperature Characteristics of Industrial Mold Flux during Continuous Casting of Ti-Alloyed Low-Carbon Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Preeti Prakash Sahoo,
  • Mani Ranjan,
  • Manish Kumar Kar,
  • Manas Paliwal,
  • Saurabh Kundu,
  • Chenna Rao Borra

摘要

Mold flux plays a very important role in maintaining stable and efficient continuous casting operations by controlling mold heat transfer and providing lubrication between the mold and solidifying strand. During the casting of a low-carbon steel grade containing 0.1% titanium using conventional mold powder, significant deviations in mold heat transfer were observed, resulting in poor casting performance. Compositional analysis of the mold slag revealed up to 5% TiO₂ pickup, prompting a detailed investigation into its impact on mold slag behavior. To assess the influence of TiO₂ on mold flux properties, slag formulations with varying TiO₂ content were prepared using the conventional base mold powder. A comprehensive experimental approach was adopted, including heating microscopy to determine hemispherical and flow temperatures, high-temperature viscometry to measure viscosity and break temperature, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study phase evolution, and high temperature confocal laser microscopy to observe phase nucleation and growth. Experimental results indicated that increasing TiO₂ content led to higher flow temperatures, reduced viscosity, and a lower break temperature. It can be concluded from the study that, TiO₂ addition delayed the formation of cuspidine while promoting the crystallization of perovskite (CaTiO₃). Two major finding of the study are: (1) TiO₂ depolymerizes the silicate network, enhancing slag fluidity; and (2) it facilitates the formation of high-melting perovskite phases, thereby increasing the flow temperature. These findings provided insights for optimizing mold flux formulations for titanium-containing steel grades.