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<p>This paper presents a comprehensive literature review and a conceptual framework for integrating environmental sustainability into strategic mine planning, focusing on open pits. Despite growing interest, easily discernible sustainability metrics remain elusive in early mine-planning stages, and are included as a post-processing step, if at all, rather than integrated a priori into a mine plan via, e.g., optimization. Through a literature review, we identify efforts regarding how environmental dimensions, such as emissions, water use, and land rehabilitation, are addressed across mine planning phases. We propose the <i>Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability Framework for Mine Planning</i>, which: (i) embeds sustainability into decision logic using mixed-integer linear programming, stochastic optimization, and life cycle assessment; and, (ii) emphasizes dynamic feedback, stakeholder accountability, and circular resource use. This review offers a structured synthesis and establishes a modular framework to support future data-driven approaches to sustainability-focused mine planning.</p>

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A Literature Review and Conceptual Framework for Sustainability in Open-pit Mine Planning

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Raymond Kudzawu-D’Pherdd,
  • Kwame Awuah-Offei,
  • Esteban Koberg de La Cruz,
  • Marcos Goycoolea,
  • Andrea Brickey,
  • Alexandra M. Newman

摘要

This paper presents a comprehensive literature review and a conceptual framework for integrating environmental sustainability into strategic mine planning, focusing on open pits. Despite growing interest, easily discernible sustainability metrics remain elusive in early mine-planning stages, and are included as a post-processing step, if at all, rather than integrated a priori into a mine plan via, e.g., optimization. Through a literature review, we identify efforts regarding how environmental dimensions, such as emissions, water use, and land rehabilitation, are addressed across mine planning phases. We propose the Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability Framework for Mine Planning, which: (i) embeds sustainability into decision logic using mixed-integer linear programming, stochastic optimization, and life cycle assessment; and, (ii) emphasizes dynamic feedback, stakeholder accountability, and circular resource use. This review offers a structured synthesis and establishes a modular framework to support future data-driven approaches to sustainability-focused mine planning.