Scholarlink

<p>Using realistic ear anthropometric data could improve ear equipment, thus decreasing ear injury rates amongst U.S. Soldiers. However, despite two centuries of research, the persistent ambiguity of ear sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry underscores a critical gap in our understanding of ear anthropometry. This study’s purpose was twofold: (a) provide a data-driven summary of existing findings on these phenomena, and (b) explore these phenomena using a U.S. military dataset. A comprehensive literature review of 139 ear-oriented documents led to a meta-analysis of 18 Ear Length (EL) and 17 Ear Breadth (EB) studies, followed by a complementary empirical analysis of 15 linear ear dimensions extracted from ANSUR II template-fitted ear scans (1,720 males/1,190 females). Meta-analysis results demonstrated that males had larger ears than females (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), right and left EL did not differ, and right EB was minimally larger than left EB (<i>d</i> &lt; 0.1, <i>p</i> &lt; .05). Empirical analyses also demonstrated that overall, males had larger ears than females (<i>p</i> &lt; .003), with negligible significant differences between right and left ears (<i>Δ</i> &lt; 1&#xa0;mm, <i>d</i> &lt; 0.3). Findings indicate that (a) ear size exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males generally having larger ears than females, and (b) ears likely exhibit bilateral symmetry – meaning differences between right and left ears are practically insignificant. We contend that head-borne product designers should incorporate size variations accounting for anatomical differences typically observed between sexes and may reliably use either single-sided or R/L averaged ear measurements when designing, fitting, sizing, and evaluating ear equipment.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

What do normal ears look like? Ear meta- and empirical analyses of sexual dimorphism & bilateral symmetry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

查看全文
  • Robin L. Carufel,
  • Hyegjoo E. Choi-Rokas,
  • Han Kim,
  • Joseph Yao,
  • Peng Li,
  • Nate Newby,
  • K. Blake Mitchell

摘要

Using realistic ear anthropometric data could improve ear equipment, thus decreasing ear injury rates amongst U.S. Soldiers. However, despite two centuries of research, the persistent ambiguity of ear sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry underscores a critical gap in our understanding of ear anthropometry. This study’s purpose was twofold: (a) provide a data-driven summary of existing findings on these phenomena, and (b) explore these phenomena using a U.S. military dataset. A comprehensive literature review of 139 ear-oriented documents led to a meta-analysis of 18 Ear Length (EL) and 17 Ear Breadth (EB) studies, followed by a complementary empirical analysis of 15 linear ear dimensions extracted from ANSUR II template-fitted ear scans (1,720 males/1,190 females). Meta-analysis results demonstrated that males had larger ears than females (p < .001), right and left EL did not differ, and right EB was minimally larger than left EB (d < 0.1, p < .05). Empirical analyses also demonstrated that overall, males had larger ears than females (p < .003), with negligible significant differences between right and left ears (Δ < 1 mm, d < 0.3). Findings indicate that (a) ear size exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males generally having larger ears than females, and (b) ears likely exhibit bilateral symmetry – meaning differences between right and left ears are practically insignificant. We contend that head-borne product designers should incorporate size variations accounting for anatomical differences typically observed between sexes and may reliably use either single-sided or R/L averaged ear measurements when designing, fitting, sizing, and evaluating ear equipment.