Consensus-based multi-objective particle swarm optimization for power sharing in microgrid
摘要
In microgrid systems, multiple modular distributed generation (DG) units are utilized to deliver power to connected loads. However, variations in feeder line impedances among DG units linked to a common coupling point can result in uneven reactive power distribution. This research introduces an innovative control strategy that integrates consensus-based coordination with adaptive virtual impedance techniques to achieve accurate reactive power sharing and restore DG output voltages. Consensus Technique enables low-bandwidth communication between adjacent DG units, which is sufficient to meet the control objectives. Importantly, this approach does not rely on prior knowledge of line impedance values. Moreover, the control parameters are fine-tuned using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) to simultaneously optimize voltage regulation, reactive power sharing accuracy, and dynamic performance, thereby enhancing overall system performance. Distinct from existing consensus-based control methods with fixed or heuristically tuned parameters, the proposed framework formulates a structured multi-objective optimization problem solved using MOPSO to jointly tune adaptive virtual impedance and consensus gains, explicitly minimizing voltage deviation, improving active and reactive power sharing accuracy, and enhancing dynamic response under varying load and network conditions. Simulation results validated the method’s effectiveness in ensuring balanced active and reactive power sharing.