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<p>Environmental contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, industrial solvents, and other persistent synthetic chemicals represents a major global challenge due to their toxicity, persistence, and adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Conventional physicochemical remediation strategies are often costly, energy-intensive, and may generate secondary pollution, highlighting the need for sustainable and efficient biological alternatives. In this context, microbial bioremediation has emerged as an eco-friendly approach for the degradation, detoxification, or immobilization of environmental pollutants. Among diverse microbial groups, species of the genus <i>Mycobacterium</i>, particularly non-tuberculous and environmental mycobacteria, have attracted increasing attention because of their remarkable metabolic versatility, lipid-rich cell envelope, tolerance to harsh environmental conditions, and ability to degrade complex and hydrophobic contaminants. Several <i>Mycobacterium</i> species, including <i>M. vanbaalenii</i>, <i>M. gilvum</i>, <i>M. smegmatis</i>, and <i>M. austroafricanum</i>, have demonstrated potential in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and industrial pollutants, as well as in the transformation or immobilization of certain toxic metals. Their current applications include soil and groundwater remediation, treatment of industrial wastewater, biodegradation of hazardous wastes, and restoration of contaminated ecosystems. This review summarizes the significance of <i>Mycobacterium</i> in environmental remediation, focusing on their pollutant-degrading capabilities, secondary metabolites, isolation sources, identification methods, genetic engineering strategies, current applications, challenges, and future perspectives. A better understanding of these organisms may support the development of more effective, safe, and scalable bioremediation technologies.</p>

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Bioremediation potential of Mycobacterium through metabolic pathways genetic engineering and environmental applications a narrative review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Shiva Hosseini,
  • Somayeh Fazelikia,
  • Somaieh Sabzali,
  • Mohammad Reza Mohammadi,
  • Mohammad Ali Zonobian,
  • Tahereh Motallebirad,
  • Masoud Etedali,
  • Davood Azadi

摘要

Environmental contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, industrial solvents, and other persistent synthetic chemicals represents a major global challenge due to their toxicity, persistence, and adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Conventional physicochemical remediation strategies are often costly, energy-intensive, and may generate secondary pollution, highlighting the need for sustainable and efficient biological alternatives. In this context, microbial bioremediation has emerged as an eco-friendly approach for the degradation, detoxification, or immobilization of environmental pollutants. Among diverse microbial groups, species of the genus Mycobacterium, particularly non-tuberculous and environmental mycobacteria, have attracted increasing attention because of their remarkable metabolic versatility, lipid-rich cell envelope, tolerance to harsh environmental conditions, and ability to degrade complex and hydrophobic contaminants. Several Mycobacterium species, including M. vanbaalenii, M. gilvum, M. smegmatis, and M. austroafricanum, have demonstrated potential in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and industrial pollutants, as well as in the transformation or immobilization of certain toxic metals. Their current applications include soil and groundwater remediation, treatment of industrial wastewater, biodegradation of hazardous wastes, and restoration of contaminated ecosystems. This review summarizes the significance of Mycobacterium in environmental remediation, focusing on their pollutant-degrading capabilities, secondary metabolites, isolation sources, identification methods, genetic engineering strategies, current applications, challenges, and future perspectives. A better understanding of these organisms may support the development of more effective, safe, and scalable bioremediation technologies.