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<p>Salinity is widely considered a critical environmental stress that poses significant challenges to crop growth and development. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Pluramin (an amino acid-based biostimulant) on <i>Ziziphora clinopodioides</i> grown under saline conditions. The plants were irrigated with nutrient solutions at electrical conductivities of 0 (control), 3, 6, and 9 dS m<sup>−1</sup>, combined with Pluramin at concentrations of 0, 1, and 2&#xa0;g L<sup>−1</sup>. As the salinity concentration increased from 0 to 9 dS m⁻¹ biometric parameters such as plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight decreased by 32.19%, 47.87%, and 24.13%, respectively. Salinity also reduced the content of essential oil (EO) however, foliar application of 2&#xa0;g L<sup>−1</sup> of Pluramin significantly improved by 53.73%, 25.00%, and 31.37% for the three levels of salinity, respectively. Furthermore, Pluramin increased the concentration of the key EO compounds menthone (<i>iso</i>), piperitone, and pulegone under both control and saline conditions. In conclusion, although salinity affected the quantitative and qualitative parameters of <i>Z. clinopodioides</i>, the foliar application of Pluramin could mitigate the negative effects of salinity stress. These findings suggest that Pluramin is a promising strategy for alleviating the reductions in growth and EO quality induced by salinity, supporting its potential use in cultivating medicinal plants in salt-affected areas.</p>

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How the application of amino acids biostimulants in powder affects growth, yield, and phytochemical compositions of Ziziphora clinopodioides under salinity stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Saeid Hazrati,
  • Zahra Soltani,
  • Saeed Mollaei,
  • Giuseppe Pignata

摘要

Salinity is widely considered a critical environmental stress that poses significant challenges to crop growth and development. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Pluramin (an amino acid-based biostimulant) on Ziziphora clinopodioides grown under saline conditions. The plants were irrigated with nutrient solutions at electrical conductivities of 0 (control), 3, 6, and 9 dS m−1, combined with Pluramin at concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 g L−1. As the salinity concentration increased from 0 to 9 dS m⁻¹ biometric parameters such as plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight decreased by 32.19%, 47.87%, and 24.13%, respectively. Salinity also reduced the content of essential oil (EO) however, foliar application of 2 g L−1 of Pluramin significantly improved by 53.73%, 25.00%, and 31.37% for the three levels of salinity, respectively. Furthermore, Pluramin increased the concentration of the key EO compounds menthone (iso), piperitone, and pulegone under both control and saline conditions. In conclusion, although salinity affected the quantitative and qualitative parameters of Z. clinopodioides, the foliar application of Pluramin could mitigate the negative effects of salinity stress. These findings suggest that Pluramin is a promising strategy for alleviating the reductions in growth and EO quality induced by salinity, supporting its potential use in cultivating medicinal plants in salt-affected areas.