<p>This study examines the dynamics of climate variability, trends in coffee production, and the adoption of of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices among smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. The analysis employs descriptive statistics, a risk prioritization matrix, and a Tobit model, using primary data from 360 households alongside secondary data to assess coffee production trends and CSA adoption in relation to climate variables. The analysis employs descriptive statistics, a risk prioritization matrix, and a Tobit model, using primary data from 360 households alongside secondary data to assess coffee production trends and CSA adoption in relation to climate variability. The findings reveal significant fluctuations in coffee production and yield despite an expansion in cultivated area; yields declined from 11 to 8.6 quintals per hectare over the study period. Although rainfall and temperature trends remained relatively stable over the past three decades, both were slightly below the optimal range for Arabica coffee production. Unseasonal rainfall, rising temperatures, and irregular precipitation patterns were identified as the most critical climate risks, contributing to an estimated 4.9% decline in average annual coffee production under adverse conditions. The adoption of CSA practices was found to be moderate to high, with an average adoption index of 0.71. Intercropping, shade tree management, and improved coffee varieties were the most widely adopted practices, whereas soil moisture management and site-specific cultivation were the least adopted. Econometric results indicate that education level, cooperative membership, access to extension services, labor availability, and land size positively influence CSA adoption, while livestock ownership has a negative effect. The study underscores the importance of strengthening extension services and cooperative institutions, as well as promoting gender-sensitive and climate-resilient agricultural practices to enhance sustainable coffee production.</p>