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Background <p>While agricultural waste is a recognized source of green chemistry, the scalable conversion of localized biomass into high-efficiency industrial precursors remains a challenge. In Lebanon, tobacco cultivation supports over 25,000 families, yet more than 20% of the biomass is discarded as processing waste. Driven by the need for "globalization through localization" and the valorization of untapped nitrogen-rich resources, this study evaluates a total alkaloid extract from discarded <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> leaves which was prepared and evaluated as a sustainable corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M HCl.</p> Results <p>Chemical profiling confirmed selective enrichment in alkaloids, with nicotine comprising 91% of the extract. Moreover, FT-IR spectrum showed features consistent with the characteristic signatures of heteroaromatic amine functionalities. Electrochemical measurements show that NTLE markedly reduces corrosion kinetics: potentiodynamic polarization indicates mixed-type inhibition with suppression of both anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution, achieving up to 95% inhibition at 0.115 g·L⁻<sup>1</sup>. EIS reveals increased charge-transfer resistance and decreased double-layer capacitance with concentration, consistent with interfacial film formation. Langmuir, kinetic–thermodynamic, and Flory–Huggins adsorption isotherms, and the Temkin model were used to investigate the mode of inhibition of NTLE extract. The free energy of adsorption showed that the corrosion inhibition takes place by spontaneous physical adsorption of NTLE molecules on the mild steel surface. Surface characterization using SEM shows mitigated acid attack in the presence of NTLE, contact-angle measurements indicate restoration of surface hydrophobicity, and four-point probe measurements evidence substantial recovery of electrical continuity relative to the corroded substrate.</p> Conclusions <p>This study certifies the utility of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> waste, shifting its perception from unused material to a high-value source of corrosion inhibitors. In particular, its alkaloid extract provides an effective, low-dose, and ecologically safer strategy for protecting mild steel in acidic media.</p>

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Exploiting the alkaloid extract from waste material of Nicotiana tabacum as efficient biomass inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in acidic media

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Ali Jaber,
  • Hanan T. Rahal,
  • Racha Doghman,
  • Ali Dhaini,
  • Ahmad Houri,
  • Zeinab Hrajli,
  • Walid Malaeb,
  • Ali Yassin

摘要

Background

While agricultural waste is a recognized source of green chemistry, the scalable conversion of localized biomass into high-efficiency industrial precursors remains a challenge. In Lebanon, tobacco cultivation supports over 25,000 families, yet more than 20% of the biomass is discarded as processing waste. Driven by the need for "globalization through localization" and the valorization of untapped nitrogen-rich resources, this study evaluates a total alkaloid extract from discarded Nicotiana tabacum leaves which was prepared and evaluated as a sustainable corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M HCl.

Results

Chemical profiling confirmed selective enrichment in alkaloids, with nicotine comprising 91% of the extract. Moreover, FT-IR spectrum showed features consistent with the characteristic signatures of heteroaromatic amine functionalities. Electrochemical measurements show that NTLE markedly reduces corrosion kinetics: potentiodynamic polarization indicates mixed-type inhibition with suppression of both anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution, achieving up to 95% inhibition at 0.115 g·L⁻1. EIS reveals increased charge-transfer resistance and decreased double-layer capacitance with concentration, consistent with interfacial film formation. Langmuir, kinetic–thermodynamic, and Flory–Huggins adsorption isotherms, and the Temkin model were used to investigate the mode of inhibition of NTLE extract. The free energy of adsorption showed that the corrosion inhibition takes place by spontaneous physical adsorption of NTLE molecules on the mild steel surface. Surface characterization using SEM shows mitigated acid attack in the presence of NTLE, contact-angle measurements indicate restoration of surface hydrophobicity, and four-point probe measurements evidence substantial recovery of electrical continuity relative to the corroded substrate.

Conclusions

This study certifies the utility of Nicotiana tabacum waste, shifting its perception from unused material to a high-value source of corrosion inhibitors. In particular, its alkaloid extract provides an effective, low-dose, and ecologically safer strategy for protecting mild steel in acidic media.