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<p>Growing interest in sustainable fuel alternatives has intensified efforts to improve biodiesel engine performance, particularly through additive-based fuel modification. However, most existing studies rely on engineered nano-additives under controlled laboratory conditions, and limited evidence exists regarding the real-world effectiveness of commercially accessible non-nano additives. This study investigates the impact of blending ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE), a commercially available glycol-ether additive, with cottonseed biodiesel (CSB) on fuel properties, combustion behaviour, engine performance, and emissions in a single-cylinder diesel engine operated at 1600, 2000, and 2400&#xa0;rpm. The novelty of this work lies in evaluating a practical additive formulation under realistic operating conditions and contrasting its effects with the catalytic mechanisms commonly reported for nano-enhanced fuels. Fuel characterisation showed viscosity reductions of 5.2% and 10.2% at 15&#xa0;°C for 5% and 10% blends, respectively, with greater reductions at 40&#xa0;°C, indicating improved biodiesel fluidity. Combustion analysis revealed minimal changes in ignition delay, peak pressure, and combustion phasing relative to neat biodiesel, confirming that the additive primarily modifies physical properties rather than oxidation chemistry. Brake specific fuel consumption decreased slightly at higher speeds due to improved spray behaviour, while brake power and torque remained comparable to pure biodiesel but below diesel. Emissions (CO, HC, CO₂, and NOₓ) followed typical biodiesel trends with no significant catalytic enhancement observed. The addition of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether reduced biodiesel viscosity by 5.2% and 10.2% for 5% and 10% blends at 15&#xa0;°C, with greater reductions at 40&#xa0;°C, indicating improved fuel fluidity. However, combustion characteristics showed no significant change in ignition delay, peak pressure, or combustion phasing. Engine performance remained largely unaffected, with only marginal improvements in brake specific fuel consumption at higher speeds, while emissions followed typical biodiesel trends with no measurable additive influence. These results confirm that glycol-ether additives provide modest physical-property improvements but do not enhance combustion behaviour or replicate the effects of nano-scale catalytic additives.</p><p>.</p>

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Impact of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether additives on diesel engine performance and emission

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Jasem Ghanem Alotaibi,
  • Belal F. Yousif,
  • Saddam H. Al-lwayzy

摘要

Growing interest in sustainable fuel alternatives has intensified efforts to improve biodiesel engine performance, particularly through additive-based fuel modification. However, most existing studies rely on engineered nano-additives under controlled laboratory conditions, and limited evidence exists regarding the real-world effectiveness of commercially accessible non-nano additives. This study investigates the impact of blending ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE), a commercially available glycol-ether additive, with cottonseed biodiesel (CSB) on fuel properties, combustion behaviour, engine performance, and emissions in a single-cylinder diesel engine operated at 1600, 2000, and 2400 rpm. The novelty of this work lies in evaluating a practical additive formulation under realistic operating conditions and contrasting its effects with the catalytic mechanisms commonly reported for nano-enhanced fuels. Fuel characterisation showed viscosity reductions of 5.2% and 10.2% at 15 °C for 5% and 10% blends, respectively, with greater reductions at 40 °C, indicating improved biodiesel fluidity. Combustion analysis revealed minimal changes in ignition delay, peak pressure, and combustion phasing relative to neat biodiesel, confirming that the additive primarily modifies physical properties rather than oxidation chemistry. Brake specific fuel consumption decreased slightly at higher speeds due to improved spray behaviour, while brake power and torque remained comparable to pure biodiesel but below diesel. Emissions (CO, HC, CO₂, and NOₓ) followed typical biodiesel trends with no significant catalytic enhancement observed. The addition of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether reduced biodiesel viscosity by 5.2% and 10.2% for 5% and 10% blends at 15 °C, with greater reductions at 40 °C, indicating improved fuel fluidity. However, combustion characteristics showed no significant change in ignition delay, peak pressure, or combustion phasing. Engine performance remained largely unaffected, with only marginal improvements in brake specific fuel consumption at higher speeds, while emissions followed typical biodiesel trends with no measurable additive influence. These results confirm that glycol-ether additives provide modest physical-property improvements but do not enhance combustion behaviour or replicate the effects of nano-scale catalytic additives.

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