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<p>The demand for groundwater has grown considerably due to increasing needs for drinking water and irrigation water. The Bazo River catchment in Ethiopia has long been faced with water supply scarcity due to drought. This study aims to identify groundwater potential zones in the Bazo River catchment using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the frequency ratio (FR) techniques. Ten thematic layers including lithology, rainfall, lineament density, geomorphology, soil texture, land use/land cover, slope, drainage density, topographic wetness index, and elevation, were used. These layers were integrated using GIS tool to produce a groundwater potential zone map. To validate the results, well/spring yield data were mapped, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for both models using R version 4.5.2 and the ggplot2 package. According to AHP, 702.4&#xa0;km² (26%) of the area falls under the “very good”, 902.2&#xa0;km² (33%) as “good”, 285.3&#xa0;km² (10.5%) as “moderate”, 532.2&#xa0;km² (19.6%) as “poor”, and 295.1&#xa0;km² (10.9%) as “very poor” groundwater potential zone (GWPZ). On the other hand, according to FR, 548.9&#xa0;km² (20.3%) of the area has “very good”, 809.9&#xa0;km² (29.8%) as “good”, 687.9&#xa0;km² (25.3%) as “moderate”, 404.7&#xa0;km² (14.9%) as “poor”, and 265.8&#xa0;km² (9.8%) as “very poor” GWPZ. Very good to moderate groundwater potential zones are mainly located in the central lowlands and the eastern and western highlands. In contrast, poor and very poor zones are concentrated in the southwestern and southeastern regions, often associated with metamorphic rock formations. The FR model achieved a slightly higher area under the curve (AUC) value (0.77) than the AHP method (0.74), indicating its efficiency. The results could support decision-makers, planners, and managers in selecting well sites during GW exploration and aid sustainable groundwater in the study area.</p>

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Identification of groundwater potential zones in drought prone Bazo River catchment, Southern Ethiopia using GIS, AHP and FR techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Awraja Abera Tolba,
  • Samuel Dagalo Hatiye,
  • Muralitharan Jothimani

摘要

The demand for groundwater has grown considerably due to increasing needs for drinking water and irrigation water. The Bazo River catchment in Ethiopia has long been faced with water supply scarcity due to drought. This study aims to identify groundwater potential zones in the Bazo River catchment using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the frequency ratio (FR) techniques. Ten thematic layers including lithology, rainfall, lineament density, geomorphology, soil texture, land use/land cover, slope, drainage density, topographic wetness index, and elevation, were used. These layers were integrated using GIS tool to produce a groundwater potential zone map. To validate the results, well/spring yield data were mapped, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for both models using R version 4.5.2 and the ggplot2 package. According to AHP, 702.4 km² (26%) of the area falls under the “very good”, 902.2 km² (33%) as “good”, 285.3 km² (10.5%) as “moderate”, 532.2 km² (19.6%) as “poor”, and 295.1 km² (10.9%) as “very poor” groundwater potential zone (GWPZ). On the other hand, according to FR, 548.9 km² (20.3%) of the area has “very good”, 809.9 km² (29.8%) as “good”, 687.9 km² (25.3%) as “moderate”, 404.7 km² (14.9%) as “poor”, and 265.8 km² (9.8%) as “very poor” GWPZ. Very good to moderate groundwater potential zones are mainly located in the central lowlands and the eastern and western highlands. In contrast, poor and very poor zones are concentrated in the southwestern and southeastern regions, often associated with metamorphic rock formations. The FR model achieved a slightly higher area under the curve (AUC) value (0.77) than the AHP method (0.74), indicating its efficiency. The results could support decision-makers, planners, and managers in selecting well sites during GW exploration and aid sustainable groundwater in the study area.