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<p><i>Candidozyma (</i>formerly <i>Candida</i>) <i>auris (C. auris)</i> is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen capable of forming persistent biofilms on indwelling medical devices, particularly urinary catheters. In this study, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were biogenically synthesized using <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> and evaluated as an antifungal catheter coating to prevent <i>C. auris</i> biofilm formation. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the formation of predominantly spherical, selenium-rich nanoparticles. Biogenic SeNPs inhibited planktonic <i>C. auris</i> growth with a MIC₅₀ of 180.8 ± 18&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹ and reduced early-stage biofilm formation by 50% at 377.9 ± 38&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹, outperforming chemically synthesized SeNPs in antibiofilm efficacy. When applied as a surface coating, SeNPs-functionalized urinary catheters reduced <i>C. auris</i> biofilm biomass by 73.2 ± 0.07% compared with uncoated controls. Fungal cells in contact with SeNP-coated catheters exhibited elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (309.2 ± 2.11) relative to uncoated catheters (138.5 ± 3.04) and untreated controls (76.3 ± 1.77), indicating oxidative stress as a key antifungal mechanism. Cytotoxicity assessment using BJ1 human fibroblasts showed minimal toxicity at antifungally effective concentrations, with cell viability remaining above 90% up to 125&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹ and exceeding 80% when exposed to eluates from SeNP-coated catheters. The main novelty of this work lies in providing the first quantitative evidence that biogenically synthesized SeNPs, when applied as a urinary catheter coating, effectively suppress <i>C. auris</i> biofilm formation through a ROS-mediated mechanism while maintaining acceptable biocompatibility. These findings support the potential of SeNPs-based coatings as a preventive strategy against device-associated <i>C. auris</i> infections.</p>

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Novel biogenic selenium nanoparticle coatings prevent Candidozyma auris biofilm formation on urinary catheters

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Shaymaa Ismail,
  • Amira Hassan,
  • Bahgat Fayed

摘要

Candidozyma (formerly Candida) auris (C. auris) is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen capable of forming persistent biofilms on indwelling medical devices, particularly urinary catheters. In this study, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were biogenically synthesized using Bacillus licheniformis and evaluated as an antifungal catheter coating to prevent C. auris biofilm formation. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the formation of predominantly spherical, selenium-rich nanoparticles. Biogenic SeNPs inhibited planktonic C. auris growth with a MIC₅₀ of 180.8 ± 18 µg mL⁻¹ and reduced early-stage biofilm formation by 50% at 377.9 ± 38 µg mL⁻¹, outperforming chemically synthesized SeNPs in antibiofilm efficacy. When applied as a surface coating, SeNPs-functionalized urinary catheters reduced C. auris biofilm biomass by 73.2 ± 0.07% compared with uncoated controls. Fungal cells in contact with SeNP-coated catheters exhibited elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (309.2 ± 2.11) relative to uncoated catheters (138.5 ± 3.04) and untreated controls (76.3 ± 1.77), indicating oxidative stress as a key antifungal mechanism. Cytotoxicity assessment using BJ1 human fibroblasts showed minimal toxicity at antifungally effective concentrations, with cell viability remaining above 90% up to 125 µg mL⁻¹ and exceeding 80% when exposed to eluates from SeNP-coated catheters. The main novelty of this work lies in providing the first quantitative evidence that biogenically synthesized SeNPs, when applied as a urinary catheter coating, effectively suppress C. auris biofilm formation through a ROS-mediated mechanism while maintaining acceptable biocompatibility. These findings support the potential of SeNPs-based coatings as a preventive strategy against device-associated C. auris infections.