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<p>Color representation is essential in computer vision and human-computer interaction. There are multiple color models available. The choice of a suitable color model is critical for various applications. This paper presents a review of color models and spaces, analyzing their theoretical foundations, computational properties, and practical applications. We explore traditional models such as RGB, CMYK, and YUV, perceptually uniform spaces like CIELAB and CIELUV, and fuzzy-based approaches as well. Additionally, we conduct a series of experiments to evaluate color models from various perspectives, like device dependency, chromatic consistency, and computational complexity. Our experimental results reveal gaps in existing color models and show that the HS* family is the most aligned with human perception. The review also identifies key strengths and limitations of different models and outlines open challenges and future directions. This study provides a reference for researchers in image processing, perceptual computing, digital media, and any other color-related field.</p>

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Color models in image processing: a review and experimental comparison

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Muragul Muratbekova,
  • Nuray Toganas,
  • Ayan Igali,
  • Maksat Shagyrov,
  • Elnara Kadyrgali,
  • Adilet Yerkin,
  • Pakizar Shamoi

摘要

Color representation is essential in computer vision and human-computer interaction. There are multiple color models available. The choice of a suitable color model is critical for various applications. This paper presents a review of color models and spaces, analyzing their theoretical foundations, computational properties, and practical applications. We explore traditional models such as RGB, CMYK, and YUV, perceptually uniform spaces like CIELAB and CIELUV, and fuzzy-based approaches as well. Additionally, we conduct a series of experiments to evaluate color models from various perspectives, like device dependency, chromatic consistency, and computational complexity. Our experimental results reveal gaps in existing color models and show that the HS* family is the most aligned with human perception. The review also identifies key strengths and limitations of different models and outlines open challenges and future directions. This study provides a reference for researchers in image processing, perceptual computing, digital media, and any other color-related field.