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<p>Pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>, syn. <i>Cenchrus americanus</i>, 2<i>n</i> = 2x = 14) is a crucial cereal food and fodder crop in the semi-arid tropic dryland, yet breeding progress is slow and threatened by climate change. Speed-breeding methods that shorten generation time are established for several crops, but none exist for pearl millet or its wild relatives. We evaluated three factors pot volume, supplementary CO₂, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) to develop a rapid-cycling protocol for cultivated <i>P. glaucum</i> and three wild <i>Pennisetum</i> species (<i>P. mollissimum</i>, <i>P. violaceum</i>, and <i>P. schweinfurthii</i>). Flowering occurred within 64 days from sowing in 220&#xa0;cm³ pots for <i>P. glaucum</i> and <i>P. mollissimum</i> and in 38&#xa0;cm³ pots for <i>P. violaceum</i> and <i>P. schweinfurthii</i>, enabling up to four generations per year. Supplemental CO₂ increased vegetative biomass and shortened time to flowering by 14 days only for <i>P. schweinfurthii</i>. ABA application curtailed plant height without affecting phenology, facilitating high-density cultivation. Combining small pots with ABA permits rapid, space-efficient generation cycling across multiple <i>Pennisetum</i> taxa. The protocol closes a key gap in millet improvement pipelines and will accelerate introgression of stress-resilience alleles from wild relatives into elite germplasm.</p>

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Speed breeding for pearl millet and wild Pennisetum species with optimized pot size, CO₂ supplementation, and ABA application

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Kosei Terada,
  • Nasrein Mohamed Kamal,
  • Shun Sakuma,
  • Takayoshi Ishii

摘要

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, syn. Cenchrus americanus, 2n = 2x = 14) is a crucial cereal food and fodder crop in the semi-arid tropic dryland, yet breeding progress is slow and threatened by climate change. Speed-breeding methods that shorten generation time are established for several crops, but none exist for pearl millet or its wild relatives. We evaluated three factors pot volume, supplementary CO₂, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) to develop a rapid-cycling protocol for cultivated P. glaucum and three wild Pennisetum species (P. mollissimum, P. violaceum, and P. schweinfurthii). Flowering occurred within 64 days from sowing in 220 cm³ pots for P. glaucum and P. mollissimum and in 38 cm³ pots for P. violaceum and P. schweinfurthii, enabling up to four generations per year. Supplemental CO₂ increased vegetative biomass and shortened time to flowering by 14 days only for P. schweinfurthii. ABA application curtailed plant height without affecting phenology, facilitating high-density cultivation. Combining small pots with ABA permits rapid, space-efficient generation cycling across multiple Pennisetum taxa. The protocol closes a key gap in millet improvement pipelines and will accelerate introgression of stress-resilience alleles from wild relatives into elite germplasm.