<p>The performance of solar air heaters (SAHs) can be significantly enhanced through design modifications and the integration of energy storage systems. These improvements are critical in increasing thermal efficiency and expanding the use of solar heaters. This review comprehensively examines key principles of design modifications and energy storage in SAHs to enhance thermal performance, focusing on storage materials, system designs, and performance factors. The results from recent studies demonstrate that geometric modifications like V-shaped ribs, wavy plates, and diamond-shaped fins significantly improve heat transfer rates. Innovative absorber plate configurations and materials, such as copper spiral coils have shown significant performance enhancements. The use of energy storage mediums like packed beds with gravel and metals and phase change materials (PCMs) has shown substantial performance improvements Furthermore, combined use of design optimization and energy storage materials offers for sustainable and efficient SAH systems.</p>