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<p>LC3 (limestone calcined clay cement) is an innovative cement formulation that combines limestone and calcined clay. It was developed to address the environmental impact of traditional Portland cement production, which is associated with high carbon dioxide emissions. The use of calcined clay and limestone in LC3 cement reduces the clinker content required in conventional cement, thereby lowering carbon emissions. This aligns with global efforts to make construction materials more sustainable and reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. The development of LC3 cement is significant for its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with cement production by up to 30%. This can contribute to meeting climate change targets and promoting sustainable building practices. The main objective of this study is to produce limestone calcined clay cement (LC<sup>3</sup>) using various types of clay, with water curing durations of up to 6 months. The raw materials used include limestone, calcined clay, clinker, and gypsum. The calcined clays—montmorillonite and kaolinite—were fired at 850 °C for two hours with a heating rate of 5°C/min. These clays were incorporated in proportions ranging from 30 to 45%, while limestone was added in amounts varying from 0 to 15%. The performance of the synthesized LC<sup>3</sup> cement under water curing conditions was evaluated using various analytical methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), compressive strength tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the synthesized LC<sup>3</sup> exhibits good durability in tap water for up to 6 months, with strength values exceeding 55 MPa and 60 MPa for the montmorillonite calcined clay mix (40% replacement) at 90 and 180 days, respectively. Similarly, the calcined kaolin mix (35% replacement) achieved strength values exceeding 76 MPa and 88 MPa after 90 and 180 days, respectively. Additionally, the evaluation of carbon dioxide emissions compared to normal cement paste showed a reduction in emissions of up to 50%</p>

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Sustainable cement production: minimizing CO2 by optimizing efficiency with LC3

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Amany Mostafa,
  • H. M. Khater,
  • Mahmoud Gharieb,
  • M. Anwar

摘要

LC3 (limestone calcined clay cement) is an innovative cement formulation that combines limestone and calcined clay. It was developed to address the environmental impact of traditional Portland cement production, which is associated with high carbon dioxide emissions. The use of calcined clay and limestone in LC3 cement reduces the clinker content required in conventional cement, thereby lowering carbon emissions. This aligns with global efforts to make construction materials more sustainable and reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. The development of LC3 cement is significant for its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with cement production by up to 30%. This can contribute to meeting climate change targets and promoting sustainable building practices. The main objective of this study is to produce limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) using various types of clay, with water curing durations of up to 6 months. The raw materials used include limestone, calcined clay, clinker, and gypsum. The calcined clays—montmorillonite and kaolinite—were fired at 850 °C for two hours with a heating rate of 5°C/min. These clays were incorporated in proportions ranging from 30 to 45%, while limestone was added in amounts varying from 0 to 15%. The performance of the synthesized LC3 cement under water curing conditions was evaluated using various analytical methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), compressive strength tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the synthesized LC3 exhibits good durability in tap water for up to 6 months, with strength values exceeding 55 MPa and 60 MPa for the montmorillonite calcined clay mix (40% replacement) at 90 and 180 days, respectively. Similarly, the calcined kaolin mix (35% replacement) achieved strength values exceeding 76 MPa and 88 MPa after 90 and 180 days, respectively. Additionally, the evaluation of carbon dioxide emissions compared to normal cement paste showed a reduction in emissions of up to 50%