Recent progress in electrochemical coupling for bio-electrochemical system optimization
摘要
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are a promising renewable energy source that harnesses the interaction between biotic and abiotic components to generate power. However, microbial, along with electrode material compatibility factors, can hinder power generation, leading to energy losses in BES. This review explores recent advancements and challenges in BES power generation, with a focus on how best to optimize electrochemical coupling. Electrochemical coupling can help provide sustainable energy to drive reductive reactions at the biocathode, contributing to green synthesis of value-added chemicals. The review evaluates the role of electrochemical coupling devices and highlights the significance of microbial biofilm-to-EPS ratio at the electrode interface, which is critical to BES performance, and is influenced by applied currents. Strategies to enhance biofilm robustness and mitigate biofouling through electrode modifications are discussed. Further, we analyze electron transfer mechanisms at the microbe–electrode interface and explore bioengineering approaches to improve electron transfer efficiency. Advancements in electrode materials and novel modifications are also reviewed, along with the potential of plant-based fuel cells as alternative electron sources for driving reductive reactions. The review concludes by showcasing innovative hybrid system designs, paving the way for energy self-sufficient and multi-functional BES platforms that can help drive electrochemical coupling.