<p>Air pollution, especially particulate pollution, has become a serious issue with the acceleration of industrialization. Wet scrubbers are widely used in industries for air purification due to their advantages. However, most scrubber studies have predominantly focused on fillers and injection methods, neglecting the systematic investigation of the tower rotation angle and particulate physical properties on dust removal performance. In this study, the geometric model of the scrubber was established based on the actual equipment in a refinery. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed, along with the fluid volume (VOF) and discrete phase (DPM) models, to solve the relevant equations. The grid independence and model were verified. Particles with different diameters were injected into the scrubber with different angle steel tray arrangements (<i>α</i> = 15°, 30°, 45°), and the dust removal efficiency was calculated. The results show that the dust removal efficiency generally increases with the increase of particle diameter. When the particle diameter is 200–300&#xa0;μm, the efficiency is consistent. Before 350&#xa0;μm, the highest efficiency is achieved at <i>α</i> = 30°, and the lowest at <i>α</i> = 15°; above 350&#xa0;μm, the highest is at <i>α</i> = 30°, and the lowest at <i>α</i> = 45°. The tray angle affects air distribution uniformity, and <i>α</i> = 45° shows more uniform air distribution. This research provides a scientific basis for optimizing scrubber design and operation. It systematically explores the influence of tray angle and particle diameter on dust removal efficiency, filling the research gap in this area and guiding the improvement of scrubber technology in industrial applications.</p>