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<p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains a critical vascular disorder with high morbidity. Traditional thrombolytic therapies face challenges such as systemic bleeding risks and low specificity. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) have emerged as a promising platform for targeted thrombolysis due to their tunable pore structure, high drug-loading capacity (up to 40% by weight), and stimuli-responsive release. This review critically evaluates HMSN synthesis methods (sol–gel, self-assembly, silicate), their physicochemical properties, and preclinical applications in DVT models. Key advancements include pH-triggered urokinase release (85% cumulative release at pH 5.5) and ligand-mediated targeting (e.g., RGD peptides), which enhance thrombus specificity. Challenges such as long-term biocompatibility, scalability, and regulatory hurdles are discussed, alongside actionable strategies for clinical translation. Future research should prioritize optimizing ligand functionalization, conducting large-scale safety assessments, and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations.</p>

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Application research of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles in targeted thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月31日

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  • Shasha He,
  • Zhiwei Zhong

摘要

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains a critical vascular disorder with high morbidity. Traditional thrombolytic therapies face challenges such as systemic bleeding risks and low specificity. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) have emerged as a promising platform for targeted thrombolysis due to their tunable pore structure, high drug-loading capacity (up to 40% by weight), and stimuli-responsive release. This review critically evaluates HMSN synthesis methods (sol–gel, self-assembly, silicate), their physicochemical properties, and preclinical applications in DVT models. Key advancements include pH-triggered urokinase release (85% cumulative release at pH 5.5) and ligand-mediated targeting (e.g., RGD peptides), which enhance thrombus specificity. Challenges such as long-term biocompatibility, scalability, and regulatory hurdles are discussed, alongside actionable strategies for clinical translation. Future research should prioritize optimizing ligand functionalization, conducting large-scale safety assessments, and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations.