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<p>Rapid industrial development increases soil contamination risks in suburban agricultural areas; however, the extent and sources of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in the soil during this process are not well understood. This study investigated the concentrations, spatial distribution, and potential risks of heavy metal(loid)s (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in soil and wheat samples from an agricultural area. The study found that soil Cd was the main pollutant with the highest enrichment factor of 15.9 with 21.6% of the wheat samples having Cd concentrations exceeding the China's limit of 0.1&#xa0;mg/kg. Soil As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were concentrated in the northwest, while Cr was high in the southeast. Soil Cd contamination is more severe than other heavy metal(loid)s and poses a slight ecological risk. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the hazard quotient for all five heavy metal(loid)s in wheat was less than 1, with Cd being the highest. 1.35% of children and 0.87% of adults exceeded the carcinogenic risk level for Cd, while 0.54% of children exhibited above the threshold for Cr. Children were the most sensitive to heavy metal(loid)s exposure in contaminated areas, with heavy metal(loid)s) concentration in wheat being the key factor influencing health risks. Source apportionment via the PCA-APCS-MLR model and correlation analysis revealed that the soil Cd originated from agricultural activities and industrial-traffic. This study assessed soil heavy metal(loid)s pollution, ecological risks, sources, and health risks to residents from wheat consumption, providing evidence for managing soil contamination and food safety.</p>

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Evaluation of soil heavy metal(loid)s contamination and its impact on food safety in the suburbs of an industrial city, Henan Province, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月10日

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  • Lei Shi,
  • Shuaixia Liu,
  • Ziyu Han,
  • Mengjuan Ma,
  • Bo Huang,
  • Shuxing Wang,
  • Lige Wang,
  • Yuke Zhang

摘要

Rapid industrial development increases soil contamination risks in suburban agricultural areas; however, the extent and sources of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in the soil during this process are not well understood. This study investigated the concentrations, spatial distribution, and potential risks of heavy metal(loid)s (As, Hg, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in soil and wheat samples from an agricultural area. The study found that soil Cd was the main pollutant with the highest enrichment factor of 15.9 with 21.6% of the wheat samples having Cd concentrations exceeding the China's limit of 0.1 mg/kg. Soil As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were concentrated in the northwest, while Cr was high in the southeast. Soil Cd contamination is more severe than other heavy metal(loid)s and poses a slight ecological risk. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the hazard quotient for all five heavy metal(loid)s in wheat was less than 1, with Cd being the highest. 1.35% of children and 0.87% of adults exceeded the carcinogenic risk level for Cd, while 0.54% of children exhibited above the threshold for Cr. Children were the most sensitive to heavy metal(loid)s exposure in contaminated areas, with heavy metal(loid)s) concentration in wheat being the key factor influencing health risks. Source apportionment via the PCA-APCS-MLR model and correlation analysis revealed that the soil Cd originated from agricultural activities and industrial-traffic. This study assessed soil heavy metal(loid)s pollution, ecological risks, sources, and health risks to residents from wheat consumption, providing evidence for managing soil contamination and food safety.