<p>Efficient first and last mile connectivity is vital for enhancing the overall effectiveness and accessibility of public transportation (PT) systems, especially in rapidly urbanising countries, such as India. Despite national initiatives, such as the Smart Cities Mission and the National Urban Transport Policy, Indian cities continue to face persistent challenges in delivering seamless PT services. This research highlights the critical role of first and last mile connectivity in bridging gaps between major transit nodes and passengers’ origins or destinations, directly impacting user satisfaction and PT ridership. The study undertakes a systematic literature review, comprehensive policy evaluation and assesses on-ground implementations in major urban centres, identifying key achievements and systemic barriers to implement first and last mile solutions for urban transit in India. To prioritise policy and infrastructure alternatives, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach—specifically the ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) MICMAC approach (Matrice d’Impacts Croisés-Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement) is employed to identify key variables that drive the system and the relationships between them. The study also highlights the critical factors requiring attention and suggests strategies for effective intervention. The results reveal that integrated planning, multimodal access, and investment in non-motorised and digital mobility solutions significantly influence success. Policy implications include the need for inclusive, context-sensitive strategies that promote walkability, last-mile services, and real-time information systems. The analysis serves as an evidence-based foundation for formulating targeted, scalable, and people-centric interventions, ultimately aiming to transform India’s urban transport landscape through improved connectivity and accessibility.</p>