Purpose <p>The sensitivity of structural dynamic characteristics—such as the modal assurance criterion, modal flexibility, and modal mass—is a critical tool for structural optimization and health monitoring. However, existing methods still face computationally demanding challenges. This study aims to develop a novel and efficient computational strategy for calculating the sensitivity of these eigenmode-related characteristics with respect to multiple variables.</p> Methods <p>A new algebraic method for computing eigenvector sensitivity is first developed to simplify the governing mathematical expressions. Building on this simplified approach, a comprehensive method for the sensitivity analysis of structural dynamic characteristics under multiple parameters is established. To enhance performance, a preconditioning iterative method is integrated into the method, which streamlines the computational process and specifically reduces "fill-in" operations in sparse matrices.</p> Results <p>The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through three numerical examples. The findings indicate that the methodology is easy to implement and significantly enhances computational efficiency. By minimizing sparse matrix operations and leveraging the preconditioning iterative approach, the method achieves a substantial reduction in CPU time compared to conventional methods.</p> Conclusion <p>The proposed method provides a robust and efficient solution for sensitivity analysis in complex structural systems. By simplifying the sensitivity expressions and reducing the computational burden of multi-parameter analysis, this strategy offers a practical tool for engineering applications where rapid and accurate dynamic characteristic assessments are required.</p>