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Purpose <p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of foam architecture, porosity distribution, and graphene platelet (GPL) reinforcement on the three-dimensional wave propagation behaviour of functionally graded sandwich nanoplates under thermo-magnetic en ironments. The study aims to reveal how different foam types and reinforcement levels affect phase velocity, frequency, and group velocity characteristics.</p> Method <p>The sandwich nanoplate consists of functionally graded Zirconia-ZK60 face layers and a ZK60 metal-foam core reinforced with GPLs. Three foam distributions (Foam I, Foam II, Foam III) and various porosity levels are modelled. The equations of motion are derived using higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory (NSGT), and solved analytically via a series expansion approach under thermal and magnetic fields. Parametric analyses are performed for temperature rise, foam structure, GPL volume fraction, and nanoscale parameters.</p> Result and Conclusions <p>The results show that foam distribution and porosity significantly modify wave propagation characteristics. GPL reinforcement increases the effective stiffness of the core and enhances phase and group velocities. Thermal softening reduces wave speeds, while magnetic fields partially compensate for stiffness reduction. Among the foam types, symmetric and edge-dense architectures provide higher wave velocities compared to uniformly distributed foams. Overall, the study demonstrates that foam topology, porosity gradients, and graphene reinforcement have a substantial impact on the dispersive behaviour of functionally graded sandwich nanostructures and offer design guidelines for lightweight, thermally stable, and magnetically tunable smart systems.</p>

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Effect of Foam Structure and Graphene Reinforcement on Wave Propagation in Functionally Graded Sandwich Sandwich Nanostructures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Muhammet Mevlüt Karaca,
  • Ismail Esen

摘要

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of foam architecture, porosity distribution, and graphene platelet (GPL) reinforcement on the three-dimensional wave propagation behaviour of functionally graded sandwich nanoplates under thermo-magnetic en ironments. The study aims to reveal how different foam types and reinforcement levels affect phase velocity, frequency, and group velocity characteristics.

Method

The sandwich nanoplate consists of functionally graded Zirconia-ZK60 face layers and a ZK60 metal-foam core reinforced with GPLs. Three foam distributions (Foam I, Foam II, Foam III) and various porosity levels are modelled. The equations of motion are derived using higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) and nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory (NSGT), and solved analytically via a series expansion approach under thermal and magnetic fields. Parametric analyses are performed for temperature rise, foam structure, GPL volume fraction, and nanoscale parameters.

Result and Conclusions

The results show that foam distribution and porosity significantly modify wave propagation characteristics. GPL reinforcement increases the effective stiffness of the core and enhances phase and group velocities. Thermal softening reduces wave speeds, while magnetic fields partially compensate for stiffness reduction. Among the foam types, symmetric and edge-dense architectures provide higher wave velocities compared to uniformly distributed foams. Overall, the study demonstrates that foam topology, porosity gradients, and graphene reinforcement have a substantial impact on the dispersive behaviour of functionally graded sandwich nanostructures and offer design guidelines for lightweight, thermally stable, and magnetically tunable smart systems.