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<p>Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS) are recognized as an efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy storage technology. The stored energy can be utilized during power outages or peak demand periods. However, despite their advantages, FESS are susceptible to various faults, particularly gear defects that significantly impair system efficiency and performance. This study presents a comprehensive dynamic model of a FESS comprising a heat engine, speed multiplier gear system, coupling, and flywheel, with shafts supported by active magnetic bearings (AMBs). We employ the Newmark method to solve the equations of motion and analyze vibration characteristics through temporal and spectral signal processing. Our results demonstrate the critical influence of coupling and AMBs on system dynamics. A parametric study reveals how flywheel characteristics affect vibrational behaviour. Furthermore, we investigate two specific gear faults - eccentricity defects and tooth profile deviations - quantifying their impact on FESS dynamic performance. The results show that the eccentricity defect induces the appearance of new peaks, while the profile error amplifies the signal amplitudes. The findings offer quantitative vibration thresholds for maintenance intervention and validate vibration-based monitoring in coupled rotor-gear systems.</p>

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Vibration Monitoring of Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) in Presence of Gear Faults

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Ahmed Ghorbel,
  • Amel Bouaziz,
  • Nabih Feki,
  • Najib Belhadj Messaoud,
  • Mohamed Haddar

摘要

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS) are recognized as an efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy storage technology. The stored energy can be utilized during power outages or peak demand periods. However, despite their advantages, FESS are susceptible to various faults, particularly gear defects that significantly impair system efficiency and performance. This study presents a comprehensive dynamic model of a FESS comprising a heat engine, speed multiplier gear system, coupling, and flywheel, with shafts supported by active magnetic bearings (AMBs). We employ the Newmark method to solve the equations of motion and analyze vibration characteristics through temporal and spectral signal processing. Our results demonstrate the critical influence of coupling and AMBs on system dynamics. A parametric study reveals how flywheel characteristics affect vibrational behaviour. Furthermore, we investigate two specific gear faults - eccentricity defects and tooth profile deviations - quantifying their impact on FESS dynamic performance. The results show that the eccentricity defect induces the appearance of new peaks, while the profile error amplifies the signal amplitudes. The findings offer quantitative vibration thresholds for maintenance intervention and validate vibration-based monitoring in coupled rotor-gear systems.