Purpose <p>In this study, the nonlinear dynamic model of the gear transmission system of the wind energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator and the relative motion model between the friction material layers are established to explore the dynamic characteristics and power output characteristics of the system under different input parameters.</p> Methods <p>Firstly, considering various factors, a nonlinear dynamic model of the friction nanogenerator gear transmission system is established. Secondly, the potential energy method is used to calculate the time-varying meshing and stiffness of the gear. Then, the solution of system dynamic equation is used to draw time domain diagram, spectrum diagram, Poincare section diagram and displacement bifurcation diagram, and compared with the experimental results to verify. Finally, the relative sliding model between the electrodes of the triboelectric nanogenerator is established, and the electrode parameters are substituted. The relationship between the open-circuit voltage and shortcircuit current and the system parameters is explored by drawing two-dimensional and threedimensional open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current images.</p> Results <p>The results show that with the increase of meshing stiffness and external excitation frequency, the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current will increase, however, the efficiency of power generation will decrease accordingly; Through comparative experiments, the accuracy of the model is verified.</p> Conclusion <p>To improve the power generation and power generation efficiency as much as possible under the condition of maintaining stable operation of the system, the external excitation frequency and the meshing stiffness should be selected in the appropriate range.</p>